NUI Galway – UL Alliance First Annual ENGINEERING AND - ARAN ...

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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 6.1 Assessment of Impacts of Forest Operations on the Environment 102 6.2 Novel Agri‐engineering solutions for amelioration of ground water at critical source areas 103 6.3 Optimisation of a Novel Biofilm Technology for the Removal of Nuisance Odours and Greenhouse Gases 104 6.4 Evaluation of amendments to control phosphorus losses in runoff from pig slurry applications to land 105 6.5 Cycling Ireland to Work: Sustainable job creation through the construction of a National Cycling Network 106 6.6 Determination of optimal applications of municipal biosolids to soils to optimize nutrient availability and minimize loss in surface runoff 107 6.7 Designing a Community Engagement Strategy for Smarter Travel Limerick 108 6.8 Treatment of Piggery Wastewaters using Woodchip Biofilters 109 6.9 Assessment of the Suitability of Co‐Mixed and Composted Separated Solids of Pig Manure for Use as a Solid Fuel 110 101
Assessment of Impacts of Forest Operations on the Environment J. Finnegan, J.T. Regan and M.G. Healy* Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway. Email: mark.healy@nuigalway.ie Abstract The aim of this project was to assess experimentally the impact of clearfelling of forests and the effectiveness of buffer strips following clearfelling on sediment and nutrient release, acidification and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Pre- and post-clearfelling data of surface and subsurface flow, soil testing and gas concentrations are now being collected. To date, results obtained show there is an increase in dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations moving from the forest edge to under a brash mat, which is located in a riparian area between the forest and a nearby river. This reduces closer to the river. Greenhouse gas emissions are highest in the riperian area and a virgin peat site, while the lowest emissions are measured in a standing and mature coniferous forest. 1. Introduction Elevated levels of phosphorus (P) and suspended sediment (SS) in surface waters are becoming a major environmental issue both nationally and internationally. (Mainstone et al., 2008). During clearfelling of forests, there is the opportunity for a high runoff of P and SS to nearby water courses. Riparian buffers may have the ability to slow down and reduce the nutrient and sediment release from forests. In this project, which is being conducted in the Burishoole catchment in Co. Mayo, two types of riparian buffer are studied: (1) a naturally regenerated peatland buffer and (2) a standing mature coniferous forest. The forest area upslope of the study site is currently being clearfelled, allowing 4 years of regeneration on the riparian buffer zone. 2. Materials and Methods Pre- and post-clearfelling data is being collected at the study site. The following parameters are studied: surface and subsurface water, various soil parameters and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Piezometers and sampling tubes are installed across the site so that depth to water table can be monitored and subsurface water sampled. Sampling locations are at 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 m upslope of the river edge, before and after brash mats, and in the forest. Each set of 3 sampling tubes are positioned at 20 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm depths below the soil surface. Surface water samples are also collected at these points. Surface and subsurface waters are sampled across the site regularly and during storm events, and chemically analysed for SS, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium-N (NH4-N) and nitrate-N (NO3-N). Greenhouse gas emissions are being studied in four 102 areas: (1) the naturally regenerated peatland buffer (2) the standing mature coniferous forest (3) a recently clearfelled coniferous forest and (4) a virgin peatland site. These are sampled using dark, static, manually sampled, stainless steel chambers (height 9–18 cm) equipped with butyl rubber septa for gas sampling, and are tested with a gas chromatographer. This data will be supplemented by a meso-scale study, comprising 3 hydraulically isolated plots each measuring 25 m-long by 3.5 m-wide. This will allow us to fully examine the flow, nutrients and sediment in and out of a hydraulically isolated area in a controlled manner. All samples were tested in accordance with the Standard Methods. 3. Results and Discussion Initial results obtained on site show there is an increase in DRP concentration in the subsurface flow moving from the forest edge to under the brash mat. This reduces again closer to the river. This may be due to a sand layer located close to the river. Greenhouse gas emissions are highest in the regenerated peatland buffer and the virgin peat site, while the lowest emissions are measured in the standing and mature coniferous forest. 4. Conclusions Initial indications show that a revegetated buffer is successful in reducing P concentrations from the forest to the river bank. Greenhouse gas emissions are higher before planting and after clearfelling than when the peat is under forest cover. Further data will be collected post-clearfelling to assess the impact of forest operations, the effectiveness of two types of buffers, and GHG emissions. 5. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the support from the EPA for funding this research under the STRIVE program. 6. References [1] Mainstone, C. P., R. M. Dils, et al. (2008). "Controlling sediment and phosphorus transfer to receiving waters - A strategic management perspective for England and Wales." Journal of Hydrology 350(3), 2008, pp. 131-143.
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NUI Galway - UL Alliance First Annu
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FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 GAMES, VIS
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4 MECHANICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEE
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5.21 Detecting Topics and Events in
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8.7 Modelling Extreme Flood Events
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GAMES, VISUALISATION & EDUCATION 1.
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Generation and Analysis of Graph St
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Evolution and Analysis of Strategie
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Abstract The delivery of multimedia
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Applications of Reinforcement Learn
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Assessing the effects of interactiv
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Real-time depth map generation usin
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An analysis of the capability of pr
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Building Information Modelling duri
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Dwelling Energy Measurement Procedu
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Numerical Modelling of Tidal Turbin
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Energy Storage using Microencapsula
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Data Centre Energy Efficiency Mark
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An embodied energy and carbon asses
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SmartOp - Smart Buildings Operation
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Ocean Wave Energy Exploitation in D
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Future Smart Grid Synchronization C
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Web-Based Building Energy Usage Vis
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Image Recognition and Classificatio
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Android Based Multi-Feature Elderly
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Determining Subjects’ Activities
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New Analysis Techniques for ICU Dat
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National E-Prescribing Systems in I
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Using Mashups to Satisfy Personalis
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3D Computational Modeling of Blood
Page 62 and 63: Experimental and Computational Inve
Page 64 and 65: Experimental Analysis of the Therma
Page 66 and 67: Simulating Actin Cytoskeleton Remod
Page 68 and 69: Computational Analysis of Transcath
Page 70 and 71: An In vitro Shear Stress System for
Page 72 and 73: Development of a Micropipette Aspir
Page 74 and 75: A Computational Test-Bed to Examine
Page 76 and 77: Computational Modeling of Ceramic-b
Page 78 and 79: Multi-Scale Computational Modelling
Page 80 and 81: Development of a mixed-mode cohesiv
Page 82 and 83: Active Computational Modelling of C
Page 84 and 85: Modelling the Management of Medical
Page 86 and 87: SOCIAL MEDIA, SEARCH & RECOMMENDATI
Page 88 and 89: Improving Twitter Search by Removin
Page 90 and 91: Abstract The goal of this research
Page 92 and 93: Generalized Blockmodeling Samantha
Page 94 and 95: Life-Cycles and Mutual Effects of S
Page 96 and 97: dcat: Searching Public Sector Infor
Page 98 and 99: The Effect of User Features on Chur
Page 100 and 101: User Similarity and Interaction in
Page 102 and 103: Improving Categorisation in Social
Page 104 and 105: Natural Language Queries on Enterpr
Page 106 and 107: Studying Forum Dynamics from a User
Page 108 and 109: Provenance in the Web of Data: a bu
Page 110 and 111: Towards Social Descriptions of Serv
Page 114 and 115: Novel Agri-engineering solutions fo
Page 116 and 117: Evaluation of amendments to control
Page 118 and 119: Determination of optimal applicatio
Page 120 and 121: Treatment of Piggery Wastewaters us
Page 122 and 123: NEXT GENERATION INTERNET 7.1 Extens
Page 124 and 125: Enabling Federation of Government M
Page 126 and 127: Curated Entities for Enterprise Uma
Page 128 and 129: Mobile Web + Social Web + Semantic
Page 130 and 131: Engaging Citizens in the Policy-Mak
Page 132 and 133: Preference-based Discovery of Dynam
Page 134 and 135: RDF On the Go: An RDF Storage and Q
Page 136 and 137: Policy Modeling meets Linked Open D
Page 138 and 139: A Contextualized Perspective for Li
Page 140 and 141: Improving discovery in Life Science
Page 142 and 143: The Semantic Public Service Portal
Page 144 and 145: Personalized Content Delivery on Mo
Page 146 and 147: A Framework to Describe Localisatio
Page 148 and 149: The influence of secondary settleme
Page 150 and 151: Analysis of Shear Transfer in Void-
Page 152 and 153: Cost-Effective Sustainable Construc
Page 154 and 155: Modelling Extreme Flood Events due
Page 156 and 157: Axial Load Capacity of a Driven Cas
Page 158 and 159: Chemical amendment of dairy cattle
Page 160 and 161: Seismic Design of Concentrically Br
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MODELLING, ALGORITHMS & CONTROL 9.1
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Eigen-based Approach for Leverage P
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Evolutionary Modelling of Industria
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Abstract: Graphical Semantic Wiki f
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Low Coverage Genome Assembly Using
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Evolving a Robust Open-Ended Langua
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Context Stamp - A Topic-based Conte
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DSP-Based Control of Multi-Rail DC-
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Topographical Cues - Controlling Ce
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Creep Relaxation and Crack Growth P
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Finite Element Modelling of Failure
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Influence of Fluorine and Nitrogen
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Phase Decompositions of Bioceramic
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High Resolution Microscopical Analy
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An Experimental and Numerical Analy
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Thermomechanical characterisation o
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A multiaxial damage mechanics metho
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The effect of citrate ester plastic
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NUI Galway – UL Alliance First Annual ENGINEERING AND - ARAN ...

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