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A Framework to Describe Localisation Services for Automatic Selection of Optimum Service(s) Facilitating the Dynamic Execution of Workflow Naoto Nishio, Dr. Ian O’Keeffe, J.J. Collins, Reinhard Schäler Centre for Next Generation Localisation, Localisation Research Centre, Department of Computer Sciences and Information Systems, University of Limerick, Ireland {Naoto.Nishio, Ian.Okeeffe, J.J.Collins, Reinhard.Schaler}@ul.ie Abstract This research is about localisation service description facilitating automatic service selection. This work is motivated by research in localisation supporting Software as a Service (SaaS) concept that integrates Natural Language Processing (NLP) across specialised services to enhance productivity of localisation process [3][5]. Machine translation (MT) services, for example, are evidence of localisation web services. Localisation is a process that supports a product to be recognised globally. It is a business process that adds value to the products by transforming products with specific requirements of the target market. The Localization Industry Standard Association (LISA) defines localisation as follows: “Localization is the process of modifying products or services to account for differences in distinct markets”. The classical definition of a typical localisation workflow is found in [1] and Esselink defines the seventeen steps in the process starting from Pre-sales and ending with Project Closure. The recent evolution and the penetration of digital technologies consequently have led to a growing demand for localisation. Localisation faces increasing volume of digital content, widening markets and various modes of representation of content. Localisation business processes needs to move towards full automation as currently it requires frequent human intervention. This influences cost, performance and quality of services [2][4]. The description of services for service selection becomes the immediate and essential step. The selection of available services is currently dependant on manual search by skilled professionals to deal with ‘peculiarities’ pertaining for each service [4]. This arises shifting from the development of bespoke services to selecting services in the cloud. The authors’ experience of integrating MT services on the Web for the translation process in a localisation workflow demonstrates the manually intensive nature of selection and integration of MT services. Moreover available MT services currently do not provide descriptions in a standard manner allowing users to select in order to meet the demand. Process 135 optimisation and automation requires a unified service description which specifies what a service does and how it is provided. Therefore, the specification of service descriptors becomes important as well as methods for filling in the description. Functional and non-functional requirements capture what the software must do to meet the user needs. The taxonomies in this field provide a theoretical foundation for the categorisation of functional and non-functional attributes of services. Attributes of current software-based localisation services will be analysed and categorized based on the taxonomy of requirements to form a basis for localisation service description. The service attributes of localisation then forms the descriptors which can be used to select the optimum services. The question is: is it possible to facilitate automated selection of localisation services through the provision of a descriptor that supports functional and nonfunctional service attributes? 2. References [1] Esselink, B. (2000) A Practical Guide To Software Localization vol. 4 ed., Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins B.V. [2] Flinter, J. (2003) A J2EE based Localization Services Architecture, June, available: ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/globalization/documents/j 2ee_lsa.pdf [accessed 11/Feb/2011]. [3] Lewis, D., Curran, S., Feeney, K., Etzioni, Z., Keeney, J., Way, A. and Schäler, R. (2009) Web service integration for next generation localisation. Proceedings of the Workshop on Software Engineering Testing, and Quality Assurance For Natural Language Processing, Boulder, Colorado, June 05-05 2009, ACL Workshops. Association for Computational Linguistics, Morristown, NJ, 47-55. [4] van der Meer, J. (2002) Impact of Translation Web Services, Localisation Focus 1(2) 9-11. [5] van Genabith, J. (2009) Next Generation Localisation, Localisation Focus, 8(1), 4-10. Acknowledgments: This research is supported by the Science Foundation Ireland (Grant 07/CE/I1142) as part of the Centre for Next Generation Localisation (www.cngl.ie) at University of Limerick.
CIVIL <strong>ENGINEERING</strong> 8.1 The influence of secondary settlement on foundations supported by stone columns 137 8.2 A Numerical Study on Settlement of Large Pile Groups 138 8.3 Analysis of Shear Transfer in Void‐Formed Flat Slab Systems, including In‐Situ Measurements from a Building 139 8.4 Seismic Design of a Self‐Centering Brace for Concentrically Braced Frames 140 8.5 Cost‐Effective Sustainable Construction Technology 141 8.6 Building with our waste: Incinerator Ash as a Construction Material in Ireland 142 8.7 Modelling Extreme Flood Events due to Tides, Rivers and Storm Surges 143 8.8 Assessing the contribution of monitoring and modelling data to water quality mapping estimation error 144 8.9 Axial Load Capacity of a Driven Cast‐in‐Situ Pile in Mixed Ground Conditions 145 8.10 Air Suction Bio‐flow Reactor 146 8.11 Chemical amendment of dairy cattle slurry to reduce P losses from grasslands 147 8.12 GFRP Rods for Strengthening and Repair of Structural Timber Elements 148 8.13 Seismic Design of Concentrically Braced Steel Frames and Dual Systems with Vertical Irregularity 149 8.14 Development and Calibration of a New Model for Designing and Optimising the Pumped Flow Biofilm Reactor (PFBR) Wastewater Treatment Technology 150 136
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NUI Galway - UL Alliance First Annu
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FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 GAMES, VIS
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4 MECHANICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEE
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5.21 Detecting Topics and Events in
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8.7 Modelling Extreme Flood Events
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GAMES, VISUALISATION & EDUCATION 1.
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Generation and Analysis of Graph St
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Evolution and Analysis of Strategie
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Abstract The delivery of multimedia
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Applications of Reinforcement Learn
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Assessing the effects of interactiv
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Real-time depth map generation usin
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An analysis of the capability of pr
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Building Information Modelling duri
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Dwelling Energy Measurement Procedu
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Numerical Modelling of Tidal Turbin
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Energy Storage using Microencapsula
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Data Centre Energy Efficiency Mark
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An embodied energy and carbon asses
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SmartOp - Smart Buildings Operation
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Ocean Wave Energy Exploitation in D
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Future Smart Grid Synchronization C
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Web-Based Building Energy Usage Vis
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Image Recognition and Classificatio
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Android Based Multi-Feature Elderly
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Determining Subjects’ Activities
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New Analysis Techniques for ICU Dat
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National E-Prescribing Systems in I
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Using Mashups to Satisfy Personalis
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3D Computational Modeling of Blood
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Experimental and Computational Inve
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Experimental Analysis of the Therma
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Simulating Actin Cytoskeleton Remod
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Computational Analysis of Transcath
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An In vitro Shear Stress System for
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Development of a Micropipette Aspir
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A Computational Test-Bed to Examine
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Computational Modeling of Ceramic-b
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Multi-Scale Computational Modelling
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Development of a mixed-mode cohesiv
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Active Computational Modelling of C
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Modelling the Management of Medical
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SOCIAL MEDIA, SEARCH & RECOMMENDATI
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Improving Twitter Search by Removin
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Abstract The goal of this research
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Generalized Blockmodeling Samantha
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Life-Cycles and Mutual Effects of S
Page 96 and 97: dcat: Searching Public Sector Infor
Page 98 and 99: The Effect of User Features on Chur
Page 100 and 101: User Similarity and Interaction in
Page 102 and 103: Improving Categorisation in Social
Page 104 and 105: Natural Language Queries on Enterpr
Page 106 and 107: Studying Forum Dynamics from a User
Page 108 and 109: Provenance in the Web of Data: a bu
Page 110 and 111: Towards Social Descriptions of Serv
Page 112 and 113: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 6.1 Asses
Page 114 and 115: Novel Agri-engineering solutions fo
Page 116 and 117: Evaluation of amendments to control
Page 118 and 119: Determination of optimal applicatio
Page 120 and 121: Treatment of Piggery Wastewaters us
Page 122 and 123: NEXT GENERATION INTERNET 7.1 Extens
Page 124 and 125: Enabling Federation of Government M
Page 126 and 127: Curated Entities for Enterprise Uma
Page 128 and 129: Mobile Web + Social Web + Semantic
Page 130 and 131: Engaging Citizens in the Policy-Mak
Page 132 and 133: Preference-based Discovery of Dynam
Page 134 and 135: RDF On the Go: An RDF Storage and Q
Page 136 and 137: Policy Modeling meets Linked Open D
Page 138 and 139: A Contextualized Perspective for Li
Page 140 and 141: Improving discovery in Life Science
Page 142 and 143: The Semantic Public Service Portal
Page 144 and 145: Personalized Content Delivery on Mo
Page 148 and 149: The influence of secondary settleme
Page 150 and 151: Analysis of Shear Transfer in Void-
Page 152 and 153: Cost-Effective Sustainable Construc
Page 154 and 155: Modelling Extreme Flood Events due
Page 156 and 157: Axial Load Capacity of a Driven Cas
Page 158 and 159: Chemical amendment of dairy cattle
Page 160 and 161: Seismic Design of Concentrically Br
Page 162 and 163: MODELLING, ALGORITHMS & CONTROL 9.1
Page 164 and 165: Eigen-based Approach for Leverage P
Page 166 and 167: Evolutionary Modelling of Industria
Page 168 and 169: Abstract: Graphical Semantic Wiki f
Page 170 and 171: Low Coverage Genome Assembly Using
Page 172 and 173: Evolving a Robust Open-Ended Langua
Page 174 and 175: Context Stamp - A Topic-based Conte
Page 176 and 177: DSP-Based Control of Multi-Rail DC-
Page 178 and 179: Topographical Cues - Controlling Ce
Page 180 and 181: Creep Relaxation and Crack Growth P
Page 182 and 183: Finite Element Modelling of Failure
Page 184 and 185: Influence of Fluorine and Nitrogen
Page 186 and 187: Phase Decompositions of Bioceramic
Page 188 and 189: High Resolution Microscopical Analy
Page 190 and 191: An Experimental and Numerical Analy
Page 192 and 193: Thermomechanical characterisation o
Page 194 and 195: A multiaxial damage mechanics metho
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The effect of citrate ester plastic
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