NUI Galway – UL Alliance First Annual ENGINEERING AND - ARAN ...

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Treatment of Piggery Wastewaters using Woodchip Biofilters K.N. Carney 1, 2 , M. Rodgers 1 , P.G. Lawlor 2 and X. Zhan 1 1 Civil Engineering, College of Engineering & Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway 2 Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork k.carney1@nuigalway.ie, michael.rodgers@nuigalway.ie, peadar.lawlor@teagasc.ie, xinmin.zhan@nuigalway.ie Abstract Twelve laboratory woodchip biofilters were analysed to determine their effectiveness in treating the liquid fractions of (i) raw pig manure (SR) and (ii) pig manure after anaerobic digestion (SAD). Two loading rates were examined; 5 l/m 2 /day (LLR) and 10 l/m 2 /day (HLR). Results of the study indicate that CODuf, CODf + and NH4 -N removals were higher at the lower loading rate for both the SR and SAD biofilters (P
Assessment of the Suitability of Co-Mixed and Composted Separated Solids of Pig Manure for Use as a Solid Fuel Shane Troy ab , Tereza Nolan a , James J. Leahy c , Witold Kwapinski c , Peadar G. Lawlor a and Mark G. Healy b . a Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland b Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland c Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland E-mail: shane.troy@teagasc.ie Abstract The aim of this project is to investigate the use of the solid portion of separated pig manure mixed with various bulking agents as a both a compost and a solid fuel. Composting experiments showed sawdust to be the best of the bulking agents studied. An initial carbon (C): nitrogen (N) ratio of 16:1 was used to produce stable compost using separated pig manure and sawdust. The three products of pyrolysis; biochar, biooil and gas are being investigated. The bio-oil and gases will be characterised as a fuel to provide the energy needs of the pyrolysis process. The biochar is being characterised as a fertiliser and soil addendum. The effects of composting of the swine manure solids before pyrolysis and the addition of C-rich bulking agents is also being investigated. 1. Introduction Management of pig manure is becoming an expensive problem for pig farmers as new legislation to prevent environmental pollution reduces the spreadlands available. Practical and economically viable on-farm solutions for swine wastewater treatment are needed to tackle this growing problem. The aim of this research is to investigate (a) composting, (b) pyrolysis and (c) both composting and pyrolysis as methods of treating pig manure in an economically viable manner, while also providing environmental benefits. Composting stabilises organic matter, destroys pathogens, and decreases water content and odours. Pyrolysis of swine manure may reduce waste disposal costs and provide cost effective energy to be used on the farm. Pyrolysis is a process whereby a biomass feedstock is thermally degraded at high temperatures in an oxygen-free atmosphere. The products of this process are biochar, bio-oil and gases. The bio-oil and gases can be used as fuels or to provide the energy needs of the pyrolysis process. Biochar may also be used as a fuel, or as a fertiliser and soil addendum, for C sequestration and for gas scrubbing. 2. Composting Experiments Four composting trials were undertaken using separated pig manure solids and a variety of C-rich bulking agents. Trials 1 and 2 investigated the effect of the addition of different bulking agents on the quality of compost produced. Greenwaste, sawdust, woodchip and straw were the bulking agents studied. Results showed 110 that sawdust was the bulking agent which produced the best quality compost. Trials 3 and 4 investigated the effect of different quantities of sawdust addition. The aim was to show if a C:N ratio lower than the recommended 25-30 could be used to produce stable compost. It was found that an initial C:N ratio of 16 resulted in stable compost, thus reducing the cost of the process for farmers. 2. Characterisation of biochar Proximate and ultimate analyses have been undertaken on feedstock and biochar from 24 different biomass mixtures. Six samples (anaerobically digested pig manure with added sawdust, both before and after composting) have been further analysed to investigate surface area, pyrolysis energy requirements and pore structure. Analysis has shown that pre-composting of biomass before pyrolysis results in decreased heating values, fixed carbon content and surface area. Product yield is also changed for pre-composted samples; biochar and bio-oil yield increases, while gas yield decreases. The addition of bulking agents to pig manure before pyrolysis results in increased heating values, fixed carbon contents and surface areas. 3. Ongoing experiments Further studies investigating the fuel characteristics of the bio-oil and gases produced by the six feedstocks described above are ongoing. An energy balance will be conducted using experimental data from the separation, composting and pyrolysis studies. The aim is to identify the viability of an on-farm pyrolysis plant producing biochar from pig manure with the energy requirements provided by the bio-oil and gases. The impact of precomposting will also be assessed in this energy balance. The effect of sawdust addition on the energy balance will show whether it is worthwhile for pig farmers to import sawdust onto their farm to use as a co-feedstock. 4. Future Experiments Landspreading analyses are planned using pig manure, pig manure compost and artificial fertiliser with and without the addition of pig manure biochar under medium rainfall conditions. These analyses will quantify the nutrient leaching from the three fertilisers and also the nutrient retention capacity gained when biochar is added to soil.
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NUI Galway - UL Alliance First Annu
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FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 GAMES, VIS
Page 6 and 7:
4 MECHANICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEE
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5.21 Detecting Topics and Events in
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8.7 Modelling Extreme Flood Events
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GAMES, VISUALISATION & EDUCATION 1.
Page 14 and 15:
Generation and Analysis of Graph St
Page 16 and 17:
Evolution and Analysis of Strategie
Page 18 and 19:
Abstract The delivery of multimedia
Page 20 and 21:
Applications of Reinforcement Learn
Page 22 and 23:
Assessing the effects of interactiv
Page 24 and 25:
Real-time depth map generation usin
Page 26 and 27:
An analysis of the capability of pr
Page 28 and 29:
Building Information Modelling duri
Page 30 and 31:
Dwelling Energy Measurement Procedu
Page 32 and 33:
Numerical Modelling of Tidal Turbin
Page 34 and 35:
Energy Storage using Microencapsula
Page 36 and 37:
Data Centre Energy Efficiency Mark
Page 38 and 39:
An embodied energy and carbon asses
Page 40 and 41:
SmartOp - Smart Buildings Operation
Page 42 and 43:
Ocean Wave Energy Exploitation in D
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Future Smart Grid Synchronization C
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Web-Based Building Energy Usage Vis
Page 48 and 49:
Image Recognition and Classificatio
Page 50 and 51:
Android Based Multi-Feature Elderly
Page 52 and 53:
Determining Subjects’ Activities
Page 54 and 55:
New Analysis Techniques for ICU Dat
Page 56 and 57:
National E-Prescribing Systems in I
Page 58 and 59:
Using Mashups to Satisfy Personalis
Page 60 and 61:
3D Computational Modeling of Blood
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Experimental and Computational Inve
Page 64 and 65:
Experimental Analysis of the Therma
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Simulating Actin Cytoskeleton Remod
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Computational Analysis of Transcath
Page 70 and 71: An In vitro Shear Stress System for
Page 72 and 73: Development of a Micropipette Aspir
Page 74 and 75: A Computational Test-Bed to Examine
Page 76 and 77: Computational Modeling of Ceramic-b
Page 78 and 79: Multi-Scale Computational Modelling
Page 80 and 81: Development of a mixed-mode cohesiv
Page 82 and 83: Active Computational Modelling of C
Page 84 and 85: Modelling the Management of Medical
Page 86 and 87: SOCIAL MEDIA, SEARCH & RECOMMENDATI
Page 88 and 89: Improving Twitter Search by Removin
Page 90 and 91: Abstract The goal of this research
Page 92 and 93: Generalized Blockmodeling Samantha
Page 94 and 95: Life-Cycles and Mutual Effects of S
Page 96 and 97: dcat: Searching Public Sector Infor
Page 98 and 99: The Effect of User Features on Chur
Page 100 and 101: User Similarity and Interaction in
Page 102 and 103: Improving Categorisation in Social
Page 104 and 105: Natural Language Queries on Enterpr
Page 106 and 107: Studying Forum Dynamics from a User
Page 108 and 109: Provenance in the Web of Data: a bu
Page 110 and 111: Towards Social Descriptions of Serv
Page 112 and 113: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 6.1 Asses
Page 114 and 115: Novel Agri-engineering solutions fo
Page 116 and 117: Evaluation of amendments to control
Page 118 and 119: Determination of optimal applicatio
Page 122 and 123: NEXT GENERATION INTERNET 7.1 Extens
Page 124 and 125: Enabling Federation of Government M
Page 126 and 127: Curated Entities for Enterprise Uma
Page 128 and 129: Mobile Web + Social Web + Semantic
Page 130 and 131: Engaging Citizens in the Policy-Mak
Page 132 and 133: Preference-based Discovery of Dynam
Page 134 and 135: RDF On the Go: An RDF Storage and Q
Page 136 and 137: Policy Modeling meets Linked Open D
Page 138 and 139: A Contextualized Perspective for Li
Page 140 and 141: Improving discovery in Life Science
Page 142 and 143: The Semantic Public Service Portal
Page 144 and 145: Personalized Content Delivery on Mo
Page 146 and 147: A Framework to Describe Localisatio
Page 148 and 149: The influence of secondary settleme
Page 150 and 151: Analysis of Shear Transfer in Void-
Page 152 and 153: Cost-Effective Sustainable Construc
Page 154 and 155: Modelling Extreme Flood Events due
Page 156 and 157: Axial Load Capacity of a Driven Cas
Page 158 and 159: Chemical amendment of dairy cattle
Page 160 and 161: Seismic Design of Concentrically Br
Page 162 and 163: MODELLING, ALGORITHMS & CONTROL 9.1
Page 164 and 165: Eigen-based Approach for Leverage P
Page 166 and 167: Evolutionary Modelling of Industria
Page 168 and 169: Abstract: Graphical Semantic Wiki f
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Low Coverage Genome Assembly Using
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Evolving a Robust Open-Ended Langua
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Context Stamp - A Topic-based Conte
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DSP-Based Control of Multi-Rail DC-
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Topographical Cues - Controlling Ce
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Creep Relaxation and Crack Growth P
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Finite Element Modelling of Failure
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Influence of Fluorine and Nitrogen
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Phase Decompositions of Bioceramic
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High Resolution Microscopical Analy
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An Experimental and Numerical Analy
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Thermomechanical characterisation o
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A multiaxial damage mechanics metho
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The effect of citrate ester plastic
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NUI Galway – UL Alliance First Annual ENGINEERING AND - ARAN ...

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