A Primer on Ugaritic: Language, Culture, and Literature - enenuru

Grammatical Précis 165
7.5.1.2 Numbers 11–19. Numbers 11–19 are expressed by
combining a unit (i.e., 1–9) followed by the number “ten,” either {sûr
or {sûrh (or a less common variant, {sûrt). Eleven, however, is {sût
{sûr(h).
7.5.1.3 Tens. Ugaritic probably uses a dual to express twenty, i.e.,
{sûrm /{asûaœrma,{asûaœrmi/. Hebrew uses the plural for “twenty” (i.e.,
MyîrVcRo), but Akkadian uses the dual (i.e., esûraœ). Thirty to ninety are
written as the plurals (i.e., with -m)ofthe base form: e.g., tltm,
“thirty”; }arb{m, “forty.” The “ten” precedes the unit as in Hebrew
as well as in English; e.g., h˙msûm.}arb{, “fifty-four.” An alternative
construction is the “unit” plus l plus the “ten”; e.g., }arb{.l.h˙msûm,
“fifty-four.” The noun is usually, but not always, in the singular
after the “ten”; e.g., tsû{m.tt.kbd.sûkl, “ninety-six heavy shekels”;
sûb{m }alpm, “seventy oxen.”
7.5.1.4 Hundred. One hundred is m}it. Two hundred uses the dual
m}itm /mi}taœmi?/. The plural (m}at /mi}aœt/) is used for more than
two hundred; e.g., }arb{.m}at, “four hundred.”
7.5.1.5 Thousand. One thousand is alp. Two thousand uses the dual
alpm /}alpaœmi?/. The plural (alpm /}alapuœma, -ˆäma/) is used for
more than two thousand. Ten thousand or “myriad” is rbt.
7.5.2 Ordinal Numbers
The masculine forms are spelled exactly like the feminine numbers.
Vocalization is uncertain. Feminine forms, where attested, add -t.
7.5.3 Multiplicatives
A multiplicative is formed by the addition of the suffix -’id or -id to
the cardinal number, which expresses “times” (e.g., tn}d /tinaœ-}ida/,
“twice”).
7.6 THE VERB
The Ugaritic verb may be conjugated into four basic derived stems
(G, N, D, SÁ), which correspond to the Hebrew (Qal, Niph‘al, Pi‘el,
and Hiph‘il). Within these stems there are least eight tenses or
aspects; these are usually referred to as the perfect, imperfect,
preterite, volitive, energic, imperative, infinitive, participle (active