A Primer on Ugaritic: Language, Culture, and Literature - enenuru

Grammatical Précis 173
above). 16 However, the vocalization of the energic forms is not
distinguished in the script because the letter n may indicate both /*un(n)a/
and /*-an(n)a/, e.g., tqln, “may you fall down.” It is
possible that there may not have been two distinct energic forms
but, rather, one form used in both indicative and injunctive
contexts. Perhaps the final /n/ was appended for euphonic reasons.
7.6.14 Imperative
The imperative is similar to the short prefixed verb form (jussive),
but the imperative lacks a prefix and is basically monosyllabic. All
forms indicate second person, e.g., tn.ks.yn, “give a cup of wine!”;
sûpsû.um.ql.bl, “OSun, my mother, bring the voice!” The gender and
number varies according to the subject of the verb. For vocalization
the imperative uses the theme vowel of the prefix conjugation.
Additionally, as in Hebrew, there was a longer form of the ms
imperitive.
The monosyllabic imperative (qtVl) becomes bisyllabic by
means of an inserted auxiliary vowel (anaptyxis). Although the
quality of the auxilary vowel is uncertain, the use of a
homophonous vowel, as was the case in Akkadian is suggested.
G Imperative
u-stem i-stem a-stem
ms /*qutul, qutla/ /*qitil, qitla/ /*qatal, qatla/
fs /*qut(u)lˆä/ /*qit(i)lˆä/ /*qat(a)lˆä/
mp /*qut(u)luœ/ /*qit(i)luœ/ /*qat(a)luœ/
dual /*qut(u)laœ/ /*qit(i)laœ/ /*qat(a)laœ/
7.6.15 Participles: Active and Passive
The vocalization of the passive participle is uncertain, though
/qatuœl/ is probable.
16 For the energic in Amarna see A. F. Rainey, Canaanite in the Amarna
Tablets. A Linguistic Analysis of the Mixed Dialect Used by the Scribes from
Canaan. Volume II: Morphosyntactic Analysis of the Verbal System, 221–264.