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sliowetl no liirtlie~ yrowlli Tllc ~clccicd slluut~ yru\il~ig I~c.iltl~~ly ~cic tlal~ilkrrcd to rooting medium 1Iii11 dltl II~I 1i;iic ;my I\:III;II~I~L,III >IIICC II ivi15 IOLIII~ to d ~cr~i~sc IC ro0l111g Ii~cil~~c~icy, l'bc ruute~l I~III,III\C II,III~~UI~III~IIII ucrc I~ii~clc~~~d ;illel t~:~~~,pl;iiilcd tl~,~l sI~u\~'cd 11onnal gro\\,tli ;lnd ~iior~iliull;~gy cu~lll>,ircJ tu tile coinrul\ they \bcsc I~I;III~I;IIIIC~ 111 tlic spsc~nlly dcs~giictl 1'2 iiic~l~t) for trclnagslili.i. I lie ~)I;III~~ lloirc~cd III ;I~OLI~ 15 l;li~ys illlor the tra11splentatioli illto tlic 20 el11 put, The 1)1d111r MCS~ pr~1)~18;11cl;I ~cgctilt~vcly Sor ill1 extended limo b) alill,ut.itllig llle IC~I~~III,II bud> ol' ,oiiie bl-alichc ;III~ rc~liuvi~ig llle enlerglng flo\vera. Thii nrc~liutl could plu\ itlc rLiSlic~cnl IcaS tlrs~ic ~\II. ~ln)lccul;~r ,~iialys~s. Emergence ;~nd matur.~tioii ul'liotl\ \r ;I\ Iuuild tu be nurillal, liu\\,cvcr, tllc ~lun~bcs illid b i ~ ~
oftlie seeds was tiound 10 be lo\~t.r coi~~p,il.cci lo cu!ilrula The 111;iturcd IILILI\ \\,ere dr~ed and s101-ed ;it 4 'C Svr I'LII.I~IC~ use '1.11~ ~III;III\~ IKIIIS~~I~III,II~I~ III~II iicru I~;IIIS~LIVI~~C~ \\it11 BICI:~.,I/J 9c11e \\c~e i1;1111eel ;IS CB (CB I, ClQ, .,, 111 series ,111~1111c O I I ~ IV,II~\VO~IIICL~ ~ \vitl~ T I I c I:III S ' I 2 . . 11) \er~c\ .I 1u1;1101 1 I ('13 llh1111\ :IIIL~ 0 C(S ~)lants \\.ere obt;i~~ictI ;111,I llicy \\CI.C L ~LI~~C~~IICI~I~! ;111;1ly/i,t1,II IC III~IICZLII;II le\cl IIIIII,I/ >el 01' II~IIIS~UIIII;IIIUII CX~ICIIIIICIII~ 1\41 i1011e \\1111 111iS723 131 2nd pIIS 737,SBTI bln;ll-y vcclurs CUII~;I~IIIII~ Ull'i~./,lh ;III~I .S'li/7 ~CIICS ~csl)ecl~iely. I'u~;~livcly rranslbrmed ~planlr w1t11 Ui(',~l,.lh \rere ,i~~al!/ctI by 11it11g IICI< ;III~ Suulller~i blulli~ig tccll~l~que\ and p~~t:iti~eiy ~~a~isiur~~~cil pl,1111i c;lrrylIlg .5'1$77 gcnc wurc it~~i~ly~cd with PCIL Molscul;ir ;in;~lya~s irnh dune 11l1t1~11ly by do111g 1'('1< lollowcd by Soulhcr~~ blorl~ngs.
Page 1:
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF Cicer ari
Page 4 and 5:
Certificate Ger/$ed /La/ /Ae eldire
Page 6 and 7:
I deem il as a great pleastire to e
Page 8 and 9:
CONTENTS ABBREVIAI'IONS SUMMARY LIS
Page 10 and 11:
3.2.2.3 Shoot elongat~on 3.2.2.4 Ro
Page 12 and 13:
ABBREVIATIONS 2-il' 2-isopci~~cnpl
Page 14 and 15:
frequency was observed wit11 2,4,5-
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in vitro grown plants w;is ocli~eve
Page 18 and 19:
LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Pr~~iier c
Page 20 and 21:
Table 4.1 1 Effect ul'age uf lhe ex
Page 22 and 23:
Figure 4.1 A - D inducl~on of sonla
Page 24 and 25:
Figure 4.9 A - C Alternative llleti
Page 26 and 27:
Figure 4.15 A, B Restriction analys
Page 28 and 29:
Figure 4.20 A, B DNA profile of gen
Page 30 and 31:
1'1.0 INTRODUCTION L~fe is the ter~
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them. About 10% of the Earth's land
Page 34 and 35:
observations GkI Shull's experiment
Page 36 and 37:
(Nene and Haware, 1980). The legume
Page 38 and 39:
jf.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Large par
Page 40 and 41:
plants from them enlhuscd scientist
Page 42 and 43:
introduction into protoplasts using
Page 44 and 45:
evident by 1983 that the Agrobacter
Page 46 and 47:
The above promoters were found to b
Page 48 and 49:
gained an illstant popi~larity owi~
Page 50 and 51:
legume crop species. Cotyledon expl
Page 52 and 53:
1994). Clonal propagation of FI int
Page 54 and 55:
were induced to for111 callus when
Page 56 and 57:
' the ernblyos into plantlets on MS
Page 58 and 59:
and nprII for selection. PCR and So
Page 60 and 61:
Agrobacleriuiii and ill otlier expe
Page 62 and 63:
ioteclinologicsl i~iiprovemel~t of
Page 64 and 65:
combinat~ons and concentrdtions of
Page 66 and 67:
egenerated via somatic eliibryogene
Page 68 and 69:
egenerat~on from protoplasts and ca
Page 70 and 71:
transformants were identified by sy
Page 72 and 73:
urgent econoniical control measures
Page 74 and 75:
applications of traps. Technically
Page 76 and 77: in the laboratory and releasing tl~
Page 78 and 79: have been exhaustively reviewd (Dai
Page 80 and 81: larvae of certaln Insects were unab
Page 82 and 83: 3.1 Pl:~nt 111nteri:il sllrl cultur
Page 84 and 85: 0.5. 2.0 and 5.0 pM were added. 111
Page 86 and 87: Lec!/i?is: Young anci juve~iile lea
Page 88 and 89: AM3 explant: This was a by-product
Page 90 and 91: PM) 2nd GAJ (2 5 PM), eltller singl
Page 92 and 93: of the plastic bag was removed rwlc
Page 94 and 95: - . -- laopropyl alcoliol ; Absolul
Page 96 and 97: The sl~des were Illell muiaited and
Page 98 and 99: 6. The bupcniatant \\,I,, t,ikcli i
Page 100 and 101: 5. Microcal~lers were allowed to se
Page 102 and 103: till the growtli of bacterial cells
Page 104 and 105: ;I! 37 'C for 3-24 Iiours 111 d;irL
Page 106 and 107: PCN for 111cl.4 ge!iiJ: I'C'I< tbr
Page 108 and 109: 4. Tliu pel \\as \r;~alicd 3 ti~iir
Page 110 and 111: 4.0 RESULTS $loaf of tllc c\l~cr~~l
Page 112 and 113: These combi~iatiori sl~owed liiorc
Page 114 and 115: egeneratloll \!;IS dli'licull ;~nti
Page 116 and 117: decreased a[ cllkalinc pH \+li~le 1
Page 118 and 119: either side of'bws;tl portiol~ oill
Page 120 and 121: IBA sl~owed bro\\~~i~~g i~lld de:~l
Page 122 and 123: humidity uf 50% 111 the dayrinie a1
Page 124 and 125: 4.2 Histological studies ~II nlultl
Page 128 and 129: Conlirmntioll of plllati!e t~.~ll~a
Page 131 and 132: 5.0 DISCUSSION During tile la31 dcc
Page 133 and 134: leatlets (Dilieshkuniar er al.. 109
Page 136 and 137: used with an add111ou;ll care :u~d
Page 138 and 139: tissue to regenerate illto lesser i
Page 140 and 141: prololigcd culture on TUL sho\\~d 1
Page 142 and 143: exceed 5 cni Icngtl~. Loiigcr shoot
Page 144 and 145: stem and lravca Secol~d;lrq ~'IIICI
Page 146 and 147: arnplitication of the sopccIi\i. 90
Page 148 and 149: Explant Preparation -Geminate seeds
Page 150 and 151: 6.0 REFERENCES Adkins, A.L.. Godwin
Page 152 and 153: Avenido, R.A., Hattori, I
Page 154 and 155: Benfey, P.N., Chua, N.1-I., Ilcgiii
Page 156 and 157: Cnrvalho. IC1.H C dc , Uui Vat1 LC
Page 158 and 159: Chu, P.W.G., Andersoli. B.J., Khan.
Page 160 and 161: Deblaere, R., Reyneerts, A., Hotte,
Page 162 and 163: Drun~mond, M.H., Gordoil. M.P., Nes
Page 164 and 165: Foster, J.G., Coulombe, B.A., Van S
Page 166 and 167: Gill, R., Saxstla, I'.K., (1992) Di
Page 168 and 169: Hess, D., (1970) Versueche zur tran
Page 170 and 171: Hopkinson, M.J. ;md Collins, I1.M.,
Page 172 and 173: Karthikeyan, A.S., Sarina, K.S., Ve
Page 174 and 175: Krens, F.A., Molendijk, L., L., Wul
Page 176 and 177:
Li, Z.Y., Tanner, G.J., Larkin. P.J
Page 178 and 179:
Maxan~, A.M., Gilbert, W., (1977) A
Page 180 and 181:
field conditions. Procc.rdbigs o/Na
Page 182 and 183:
Ohara, A., Akasako, Y., Daimon, H.,
Page 184 and 185:
llechrnlics sur les prnidilies des
Page 186 and 187:
Rand, G.M. (Ed.) (1995) Ftordir~~rc
Page 188 and 189:
Richardson, M.J., (199 I ) Seed sto
Page 190 and 191:
Sarria, R., Calderon, A., Thro, A.M
Page 192 and 193:
Shri, P.V., Davls, T.M., (1992) Zen
Page 194 and 195:
Tegeder, M. Koli~i, I-I., Nibbbe, M
Page 196 and 197:
Venkatachalam, P., Klshor, P.B.K.,
Page 198 and 199:
Winans, S.C., (1992) Tiyo way chemi
Page 200 and 201:
1 APPENDIX 1. hIURASRICE AND SI(SO)
Page 203 and 204:
Table 4.1 Induction of sorrlalic er
Page 205 and 206:
Table 4.3 111ducti011 of en~bryos O
Page 208 and 209:
'Table 4.6 Dificrent combinations o
Page 210 and 211:
Table 4.8 Effect oI'TDZ, 2-iP :~nd
Page 212 and 213:
Table 4.10 Effect of i~lclusio~~ or
Page 214 and 215:
Table 4.12 Induction of multiple sh
Page 216 and 217:
Table 4.14 Effect of media constitu
Page 218:
Figure 3.1 Dii~gralll~l~i~tic rcpre
Page 222:
Figure 3.3 A - C Diagrn~nn~atic rep
Page 225 and 226:
I . Nhu 1 51 ?C,%- .pal5125 &pa1512
Page 228:
I
Page 232:
Induction of somatic embryos from m
Page 238:
I.iy111. J.5 SI:i;i.\ iil ~ ~ l ~ ~
Page 254:
IIistologic:~l stutlic\ of dcveiopr
Page 258:
Rc\[ricfiot~ ;111;1l)si\ ur ill? ~
Page 262:
I'C'R :~llipLiiir:iriuil 01'700 bl)
Page 266:
Fixi1r.c 17 \r:15 -l)K,.\ ;!lid J"
Page 272:
1:igurr 4.22 Sui~lllcrn :III:II!s~$
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