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Tegeder, M. Koli~i, I-I., Nibbbe, M., Scliiedcr. O., Pick;irdt, T., (1996) Plant regeneration from protoplasts of Viciu ~rurbut~e~isis via soulatlc e~~ibryoge~lesis and slioot orgliliogenesls. P~UIII Cell Repo~./~, 16: 22-25, Th~ery, I., Delecl~isc, A., T~~iiayo, M.C., Ordiu, S., (1997) lde~~t~li~iit~o~l ufi~ gi'lic liir CytA like lieniolysi~i fro111 Butiilus ihurOiyi~,~ie~~~ subap. nicdclii~~ i~nd expscs,loli 111 a crystal ncgativc 8. Tl~uri~igie~~esis SI~,III~, ,4pj)/ie~l U I I ~ E~rvi~~o~i~~~oiirrl M~crobiolug\~, 63: 468-473. Thomas, W.E., Ellar, D.J., (1983) Mecli;i~i~s~li of actio~~ of Elr~cr/irrs ~Irrir~rig~r~~~rs \'at. isruele~r~rs i~isccticidal 6-endotoxi~i, FEBS L~,//e~lv. 154: 367-368. 'Tilomas, M.K., Ilose, I
.-A. Uawithya, P , Tuntitippawan. T., Katzcnmeier. G.. Patiyitil, S.. A~~gs~~thil~i;~so~iibi~t, C., (1998) Effects on larvicidal act~vity of single proli~ie substitutlotis In a3 or a4 of the Bacillrts rhttri~ryie~tsis Cry4B toxln, Biociie~~iisl~:~, trii~! Mol~.cri/ar Biolug~, In~en~iirio~rol, 14: 825-832, Urwin, P.E., Lilley, C J . Mcplierson, M.J., Arkillsoil, H.J , (1997) Rrsist;lnce to boll) cyst and rootnot iiematodes conferred by ~'IIIS~CIIIC .4robit!opris cxl,ressitlg ;I modified plati it cyst;ili~i, Plciiir Jurri~~riil, I?: 4.55-46 I. Va~n, l'., Worland, B., Clarke, M.C., Ilicli;~rd, (j., l3e;1vis, Rl., Liu, H., Kohli, A,, Lcccl~, M., Snape, J., Clir~sto~~. P.. (1998) Exprrssto~i of;lri c~ig~ncercd cyslclnc prutett1;rse inhibitor (Oryzacystatin-I delta DX6) for nenlatode resistal~cc i i ~ tm~isgcl~ic rice plallts, Tlreoreiicctl o11d Applied Ge~trtics, 96: 266-27 1 Xani, A. K. S., Rcddy, V. D., (1996) Morpllogencsis fi.01~1 callus culturcs ofcli~ckpca. I . . ~ Cicer ~irieii~~tl~ii L.. l~rdiaii Jurrr~rcil oj Er[~eri~riorrit/ Biolu,g,, 34: 285 - 2x7. Vardi, A,, Ble~ciiman. S., Avlv, D., (1900) Genet~c tratlslur~i~atioti uf Cttrrt, lprolul>l;~at\ and regtrleration of~rat~sge~iic plants, Plitri Sr.ii,itce, 60: 199-206 Var~sainioh;~~iied, S , Jayabal;in, N., Kislior, P.U.K., (1999) Plantlet regeticratluri fioli~ cotyledo~i derived c;~ll~ of Ilorsegram (Mttc~rriry!ui~~u~rijlorir~i~ (Lam.) Verdc)]. Venkatachala~n, P., Jayabalan, N.. (1997) Selectiol~ of groundnut plants wrtl~ c~iliar~crd reststancc to late leaf spot through In vlrro ~nut;~tion technique, I~~cur~rutiotirtl
Page 1:
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF Cicer ari
Page 4 and 5:
Certificate Ger/$ed /La/ /Ae eldire
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I deem il as a great pleastire to e
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CONTENTS ABBREVIAI'IONS SUMMARY LIS
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3.2.2.3 Shoot elongat~on 3.2.2.4 Ro
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ABBREVIATIONS 2-il' 2-isopci~~cnpl
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frequency was observed wit11 2,4,5-
Page 16 and 17:
in vitro grown plants w;is ocli~eve
Page 18 and 19:
LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Pr~~iier c
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Table 4.1 1 Effect ul'age uf lhe ex
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Figure 4.1 A - D inducl~on of sonla
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Figure 4.9 A - C Alternative llleti
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Figure 4.15 A, B Restriction analys
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Figure 4.20 A, B DNA profile of gen
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1'1.0 INTRODUCTION L~fe is the ter~
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them. About 10% of the Earth's land
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observations GkI Shull's experiment
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(Nene and Haware, 1980). The legume
Page 38 and 39:
jf.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Large par
Page 40 and 41:
plants from them enlhuscd scientist
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introduction into protoplasts using
Page 44 and 45:
evident by 1983 that the Agrobacter
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The above promoters were found to b
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gained an illstant popi~larity owi~
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legume crop species. Cotyledon expl
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1994). Clonal propagation of FI int
Page 54 and 55:
were induced to for111 callus when
Page 56 and 57:
' the ernblyos into plantlets on MS
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and nprII for selection. PCR and So
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Agrobacleriuiii and ill otlier expe
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ioteclinologicsl i~iiprovemel~t of
Page 64 and 65:
combinat~ons and concentrdtions of
Page 66 and 67:
egenerated via somatic eliibryogene
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egenerat~on from protoplasts and ca
Page 70 and 71:
transformants were identified by sy
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urgent econoniical control measures
Page 74 and 75:
applications of traps. Technically
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in the laboratory and releasing tl~
Page 78 and 79:
have been exhaustively reviewd (Dai
Page 80 and 81:
larvae of certaln Insects were unab
Page 82 and 83:
3.1 Pl:~nt 111nteri:il sllrl cultur
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0.5. 2.0 and 5.0 pM were added. 111
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Lec!/i?is: Young anci juve~iile lea
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AM3 explant: This was a by-product
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PM) 2nd GAJ (2 5 PM), eltller singl
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of the plastic bag was removed rwlc
Page 94 and 95:
- . -- laopropyl alcoliol ; Absolul
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The sl~des were Illell muiaited and
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6. The bupcniatant \\,I,, t,ikcli i
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5. Microcal~lers were allowed to se
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till the growtli of bacterial cells
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;I! 37 'C for 3-24 Iiours 111 d;irL
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PCN for 111cl.4 ge!iiJ: I'C'I< tbr
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4. Tliu pel \\as \r;~alicd 3 ti~iir
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4.0 RESULTS $loaf of tllc c\l~cr~~l
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These combi~iatiori sl~owed liiorc
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egeneratloll \!;IS dli'licull ;~nti
Page 116 and 117:
decreased a[ cllkalinc pH \+li~le 1
Page 118 and 119:
either side of'bws;tl portiol~ oill
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IBA sl~owed bro\\~~i~~g i~lld de:~l
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humidity uf 50% 111 the dayrinie a1
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4.2 Histological studies ~II nlultl
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sliowetl no liirtlie~ yrowlli Tllc
Page 128 and 129:
Conlirmntioll of plllati!e t~.~ll~a
Page 131 and 132:
5.0 DISCUSSION During tile la31 dcc
Page 133 and 134:
leatlets (Dilieshkuniar er al.. 109
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used with an add111ou;ll care :u~d
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tissue to regenerate illto lesser i
Page 140 and 141:
prololigcd culture on TUL sho\\~d 1
Page 142 and 143:
exceed 5 cni Icngtl~. Loiigcr shoot
Page 144 and 145: stem and lravca Secol~d;lrq ~'IIICI
Page 146 and 147: arnplitication of the sopccIi\i. 90
Page 148 and 149: Explant Preparation -Geminate seeds
Page 150 and 151: 6.0 REFERENCES Adkins, A.L.. Godwin
Page 152 and 153: Avenido, R.A., Hattori, I
Page 154 and 155: Benfey, P.N., Chua, N.1-I., Ilcgiii
Page 156 and 157: Cnrvalho. IC1.H C dc , Uui Vat1 LC
Page 158 and 159: Chu, P.W.G., Andersoli. B.J., Khan.
Page 160 and 161: Deblaere, R., Reyneerts, A., Hotte,
Page 162 and 163: Drun~mond, M.H., Gordoil. M.P., Nes
Page 164 and 165: Foster, J.G., Coulombe, B.A., Van S
Page 166 and 167: Gill, R., Saxstla, I'.K., (1992) Di
Page 168 and 169: Hess, D., (1970) Versueche zur tran
Page 170 and 171: Hopkinson, M.J. ;md Collins, I1.M.,
Page 172 and 173: Karthikeyan, A.S., Sarina, K.S., Ve
Page 174 and 175: Krens, F.A., Molendijk, L., L., Wul
Page 176 and 177: Li, Z.Y., Tanner, G.J., Larkin. P.J
Page 178 and 179: Maxan~, A.M., Gilbert, W., (1977) A
Page 180 and 181: field conditions. Procc.rdbigs o/Na
Page 182 and 183: Ohara, A., Akasako, Y., Daimon, H.,
Page 184 and 185: llechrnlics sur les prnidilies des
Page 186 and 187: Rand, G.M. (Ed.) (1995) Ftordir~~rc
Page 188 and 189: Richardson, M.J., (199 I ) Seed sto
Page 190 and 191: Sarria, R., Calderon, A., Thro, A.M
Page 192 and 193: Shri, P.V., Davls, T.M., (1992) Zen
Page 196 and 197: Venkatachalam, P., Klshor, P.B.K.,
Page 198 and 199: Winans, S.C., (1992) Tiyo way chemi
Page 200 and 201: 1 APPENDIX 1. hIURASRICE AND SI(SO)
Page 203 and 204: Table 4.1 Induction of sorrlalic er
Page 205 and 206: Table 4.3 111ducti011 of en~bryos O
Page 208 and 209: 'Table 4.6 Dificrent combinations o
Page 210 and 211: Table 4.8 Effect oI'TDZ, 2-iP :~nd
Page 212 and 213: Table 4.10 Effect of i~lclusio~~ or
Page 214 and 215: Table 4.12 Induction of multiple sh
Page 216 and 217: Table 4.14 Effect of media constitu
Page 218: Figure 3.1 Dii~gralll~l~i~tic rcpre
Page 222: Figure 3.3 A - C Diagrn~nn~atic rep
Page 225 and 226: I . Nhu 1 51 ?C,%- .pal5125 &pa1512
Page 228: I
Page 232: Induction of somatic embryos from m
Page 238: I.iy111. J.5 SI:i;i.\ iil ~ ~ l ~ ~
Page 254:
IIistologic:~l stutlic\ of dcveiopr
Page 258:
Rc\[ricfiot~ ;111;1l)si\ ur ill? ~
Page 262:
I'C'R :~llipLiiir:iriuil 01'700 bl)
Page 266:
Fixi1r.c 17 \r:15 -l)K,.\ ;!lid J"
Page 272:
1:igurr 4.22 Sui~lllcrn :III:II!s~$
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