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Li, Z.Y., Tanner, G.J., Larkin. P.J., (1990) Callus regenenrlon from Tr~$liut~r subrerrat~errtii protoplasts and rnli;lliced pl.otoplnst div~sion by low-voltage treatment and nurse cells, Pl(i~ir Ccli, 7iss1ie irtrtl Urgiilr C'iilrrr~.'~, 2 I : 67-73. Li X.U., Xu Z.H., Wei Z.M., (1995) Pli111l rcgc~~t's;~tion li.0111 protopl:~sls uf lnlrilnture Vig~~a sitietlsrs cotyledoils vla sonlatic cnibryogc~rcs~s, I'lirrrr ('ell H~,por.is. 15: 282- 286 Li, X.Q., Denial-ly. Y., (1995) Char;~ctcr~~;lrlu~~ ul' lilctura ;~l'rcct~lig 1pl;lnt rcgc~icr~~t~o~~ frequency ofiliedinrgo iiil~itli~io L., Eri/~~'/ir,it. 86. 143-148. Li X.Q., Deniarly, Y., (1996) Sonlatic e~iibryoge~~csis and plant ~.cgcllclntion ill Medicago sujji~iricosu, Plu~ic Cell, Tissrre crrid Orgoti C'rilrrrrc, 44: 79-8 1. LI Z. J., Jarret, K.L., C'lie~ig, M., Dcmski, J.W.. (1905) l111p1.ovcd clcc~ropol.;ltioli buflbr enlia~lces translent gene exprcsslon in A~NCIIIS i~yj~ug(icii ~~rotol~lnla, (;e~rott~c, 38: 858-863. Luehrsen, C.R., DO Wel. J.K., Walbot. V., (1992) 'I'rasle~it cxprcssion analys~h 111 pl;~nts usl~ig lirelly luciksase 1,cporter gcnc, ~Molioh 111 Gizy~~ioiogy, 2 I6 307-414. Luo, J.P., JI;I. J.F., (19")) Callus induct~u~i and pla~it legcncralio~i I'run~ hypucolyl explants of !lie Ibrage legunit' Aslrogciiu~ cicirirrgens. 1'1(1t11 ('ell Nepurls. 17: 567- 570. Luo, J.P., JKI, J.F., till, Y.H., Liu, I., (IY9Y) Ii~gl~ licqucncy sonl;~lic cnibryogenesis and plant regeilcratlon In c;lllua cirlti~~ca ol' A.slrirgiilir.~ ud.~ii~:q~ir~ I'all. 1'1~111 Scirrrcc, 143: 93-99. Maddox, J.V., (1987) Protozoan D~seases, in Epi~ootiology of lriscct Diseases, I'uxa. J.K and Tanada, Y., Eds. John Wlley & Sons, New York.
Malik, K.A., Khan, S.T.A., Saxella, P.K., (1992) Direct organoyttiesis atid plant regeneratloll tn precondittoned tlssuc cultures of Lu111yrirs cicl'ru L.. L uclirir.~ (L.) DC. atid L sarivus L., A~r~iols Botor!, , pp. 70. K. A., Saxeoa. P. K., (1992) TlitJ~;l~urotit1dui.i.s ltigli li.ciluency sltoot regeneration In Intact scedl~tigs of pea (Pisirir~ ~orrt,ii~~r), clilci\psa (C'i1,~'r ~~~,,IIIIIIIII), and Ientll [Lr~rb cirlr~iar~s). Arr~lrtr/ru~~ Jo~rr~ttrl (u 1'1ci11r Pltrsiu10~1~. 19: 73 1 740. Lli~nasliel.ob, R., Bell-Dov, E., LIU. Z.. Zttr~taky, A,, jlC)L)7) Tlie I9 kl).~ prutc~~i ol Bacillris rli~rro~yirr~esis subsp, i.srcre1~~11~i~ did 11ot protect Cc/ic.ricIiiu c,ulr cells li.0111 lethal efl'ect of CytA, 111: Absrr(icrs o/ 29"' /I~t~trrtr/ hleerrr~g oj'rlrc Sucivry jur thurinnie~i'sis, Corciobu. Spoilt, pp. 5 1. Mandel, M., H~ga, A,, (1970) Colc~urn.depcndcnt bi~i:tcriul)l~,ige DNA ~~tl'ect~u~i. Joiir11t11 oj hlolecirlor Uiolug~l, 53: 159. Margaltth, Y . (199U) Discovery of Htr~~illiiv ~/rrrrirtgiorc',sr~ isrtir1cnii.v. It1 Htrtreritrl Rutgers Uliivrrs~ty l'rcss, New Bru~iswtck, NJ, pp. 3-0. Mass, C., Laufs, I., C;r,i~it, S., Korfliage, C.J., Werr, W., [I'iYI) The conibitlaltoti of;^ follow111g introri I enhancer-reporter gene expressloll up io 1OUO Sold, 1'1u111 Maughnn, I]., Sagliat-Marool; M., Buss. G, Iluc~tis, Ci., (1996) Amplified fragment length polyniorpliism (AI'LP) tn soyabeon: specles dtvcrs~ty, inhcrit;ince, and tiear-
Page 1:
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF Cicer ari
Page 4 and 5:
Certificate Ger/$ed /La/ /Ae eldire
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I deem il as a great pleastire to e
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CONTENTS ABBREVIAI'IONS SUMMARY LIS
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3.2.2.3 Shoot elongat~on 3.2.2.4 Ro
Page 12 and 13:
ABBREVIATIONS 2-il' 2-isopci~~cnpl
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frequency was observed wit11 2,4,5-
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in vitro grown plants w;is ocli~eve
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LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Pr~~iier c
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Table 4.1 1 Effect ul'age uf lhe ex
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Figure 4.1 A - D inducl~on of sonla
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Figure 4.9 A - C Alternative llleti
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Figure 4.15 A, B Restriction analys
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Figure 4.20 A, B DNA profile of gen
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1'1.0 INTRODUCTION L~fe is the ter~
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them. About 10% of the Earth's land
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observations GkI Shull's experiment
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(Nene and Haware, 1980). The legume
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jf.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Large par
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plants from them enlhuscd scientist
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introduction into protoplasts using
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evident by 1983 that the Agrobacter
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The above promoters were found to b
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gained an illstant popi~larity owi~
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legume crop species. Cotyledon expl
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1994). Clonal propagation of FI int
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were induced to for111 callus when
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' the ernblyos into plantlets on MS
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and nprII for selection. PCR and So
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Agrobacleriuiii and ill otlier expe
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ioteclinologicsl i~iiprovemel~t of
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combinat~ons and concentrdtions of
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egenerated via somatic eliibryogene
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egenerat~on from protoplasts and ca
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transformants were identified by sy
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urgent econoniical control measures
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applications of traps. Technically
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in the laboratory and releasing tl~
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have been exhaustively reviewd (Dai
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larvae of certaln Insects were unab
Page 82 and 83:
3.1 Pl:~nt 111nteri:il sllrl cultur
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0.5. 2.0 and 5.0 pM were added. 111
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Lec!/i?is: Young anci juve~iile lea
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AM3 explant: This was a by-product
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PM) 2nd GAJ (2 5 PM), eltller singl
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of the plastic bag was removed rwlc
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- . -- laopropyl alcoliol ; Absolul
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The sl~des were Illell muiaited and
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6. The bupcniatant \\,I,, t,ikcli i
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5. Microcal~lers were allowed to se
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till the growtli of bacterial cells
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;I! 37 'C for 3-24 Iiours 111 d;irL
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PCN for 111cl.4 ge!iiJ: I'C'I< tbr
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4. Tliu pel \\as \r;~alicd 3 ti~iir
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4.0 RESULTS $loaf of tllc c\l~cr~~l
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These combi~iatiori sl~owed liiorc
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egeneratloll \!;IS dli'licull ;~nti
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decreased a[ cllkalinc pH \+li~le 1
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either side of'bws;tl portiol~ oill
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IBA sl~owed bro\\~~i~~g i~lld de:~l
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humidity uf 50% 111 the dayrinie a1
Page 124 and 125:
4.2 Histological studies ~II nlultl
Page 126 and 127: sliowetl no liirtlie~ yrowlli Tllc
Page 128 and 129: Conlirmntioll of plllati!e t~.~ll~a
Page 131 and 132: 5.0 DISCUSSION During tile la31 dcc
Page 133 and 134: leatlets (Dilieshkuniar er al.. 109
Page 136 and 137: used with an add111ou;ll care :u~d
Page 138 and 139: tissue to regenerate illto lesser i
Page 140 and 141: prololigcd culture on TUL sho\\~d 1
Page 142 and 143: exceed 5 cni Icngtl~. Loiigcr shoot
Page 144 and 145: stem and lravca Secol~d;lrq ~'IIICI
Page 146 and 147: arnplitication of the sopccIi\i. 90
Page 148 and 149: Explant Preparation -Geminate seeds
Page 150 and 151: 6.0 REFERENCES Adkins, A.L.. Godwin
Page 152 and 153: Avenido, R.A., Hattori, I
Page 154 and 155: Benfey, P.N., Chua, N.1-I., Ilcgiii
Page 156 and 157: Cnrvalho. IC1.H C dc , Uui Vat1 LC
Page 158 and 159: Chu, P.W.G., Andersoli. B.J., Khan.
Page 160 and 161: Deblaere, R., Reyneerts, A., Hotte,
Page 162 and 163: Drun~mond, M.H., Gordoil. M.P., Nes
Page 164 and 165: Foster, J.G., Coulombe, B.A., Van S
Page 166 and 167: Gill, R., Saxstla, I'.K., (1992) Di
Page 168 and 169: Hess, D., (1970) Versueche zur tran
Page 170 and 171: Hopkinson, M.J. ;md Collins, I1.M.,
Page 172 and 173: Karthikeyan, A.S., Sarina, K.S., Ve
Page 174 and 175: Krens, F.A., Molendijk, L., L., Wul
Page 178 and 179: Maxan~, A.M., Gilbert, W., (1977) A
Page 180 and 181: field conditions. Procc.rdbigs o/Na
Page 182 and 183: Ohara, A., Akasako, Y., Daimon, H.,
Page 184 and 185: llechrnlics sur les prnidilies des
Page 186 and 187: Rand, G.M. (Ed.) (1995) Ftordir~~rc
Page 188 and 189: Richardson, M.J., (199 I ) Seed sto
Page 190 and 191: Sarria, R., Calderon, A., Thro, A.M
Page 192 and 193: Shri, P.V., Davls, T.M., (1992) Zen
Page 194 and 195: Tegeder, M. Koli~i, I-I., Nibbbe, M
Page 196 and 197: Venkatachalam, P., Klshor, P.B.K.,
Page 198 and 199: Winans, S.C., (1992) Tiyo way chemi
Page 200 and 201: 1 APPENDIX 1. hIURASRICE AND SI(SO)
Page 203 and 204: Table 4.1 Induction of sorrlalic er
Page 205 and 206: Table 4.3 111ducti011 of en~bryos O
Page 208 and 209: 'Table 4.6 Dificrent combinations o
Page 210 and 211: Table 4.8 Effect oI'TDZ, 2-iP :~nd
Page 212 and 213: Table 4.10 Effect of i~lclusio~~ or
Page 214 and 215: Table 4.12 Induction of multiple sh
Page 216 and 217: Table 4.14 Effect of media constitu
Page 218: Figure 3.1 Dii~gralll~l~i~tic rcpre
Page 222: Figure 3.3 A - C Diagrn~nn~atic rep
Page 225 and 226: I . Nhu 1 51 ?C,%- .pal5125 &pa1512
Page 228:
I
Page 232:
Induction of somatic embryos from m
Page 238:
I.iy111. J.5 SI:i;i.\ iil ~ ~ l ~ ~
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IIistologic:~l stutlic\ of dcveiopr
Page 258:
Rc\[ricfiot~ ;111;1l)si\ ur ill? ~
Page 262:
I'C'R :~llipLiiir:iriuil 01'700 bl)
Page 266:
Fixi1r.c 17 \r:15 -l)K,.\ ;!lid J"
Page 272:
1:igurr 4.22 Sui~lllcrn :III:II!s~$
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