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Drun~mond, M.H., Gordoil. M.P., Nester, E.W.. Clliltou, M.D., (1977) Foreign DNA ol. bacterial plasnlid orlgln is traliscribed in crow11 gdl tunluurs, Narui,r, 269: 535-536. Drummond, M.H., (1979) Crown gall discasc, Noriirc. 281: 343.347, Du, S., Er~ckson, L., Bowlzy, S., (1994) Effect of plant gellotype oil tllr tlnnslbl.n~;~tluli of cultlvared alt'~lSa (j41eilicugo srrrrvo) by ,lgrobiicrciiiri~i riiriic~ocic~ii.~. I1liiirr ('e~ll Hepora, 13:330-333. Duell~, P., (1997) U~ud~versity ev;ilu;~llo~i ill Apr~cultulnl L;~~idac.~pcs: ,111 ;~p])~o,~i.li ;I[ two d~ffercnt scales, Agricul~iirul Ecus)~s/c~i~i.> nrlei Eii~ iroi~iii~~~if, 62. 163- 167. Dutta Gupta, S., Ahnied, R., Dc, D.N., (1997) Direct su~i~;~tic cri~bryogcnca~a and plantlet regeneration fium seedling lcovcs of wlngcd bean, Psup/iucii,pi~s re/royoiiulubii~ (L.) Plo~lr Cell Reporo, 16: 628-63 1 pien, S., George, L., (1994) So~ilat~c embryo~e~icsia in ('icei. (~rierriirriir L: I~~lii~c~~cc of gel~otypes L I I auxins, ~ Uiologiil l'liiirrcirioii, 36: 343 -. 349. Edwards, C.A., K~l;~cl\er, T.T., I'oknrzl~zvski~, A.A., Subler, S., I';~rli~clcc, I
Cella, R., Falavigna, A., (eds.) Clrrrc~~rr P1ir11r Scinlcc cr~rli Biotech~rolugy ill Agriculrure. Klu~r'u Acode~~ric Publrsliers; Durilrrchr; Nrrherlu~itls, pp. 22. Ezura, H., Nukul, N., Yuhashi, K.I.. Mili;lmisawa, K., (2000) In vitro pln~it rcgci1er;lrion ir~ htucruprili~r~ri cr~ru~~irrpureiii~r. a leguilli. 1vit11 ;I broad sy~i~bioi~t ~111gc fir nodularlon, Plorii Scie~ice, 159: 21-27. Fnsolo, F.. Ziil~mcrm:~~~. R.lI., Fordli:ii~~. I.. (19SC)) Ad\ci~t~l~our hlioot ~~I~I~I~IIIUII 1111 escissd Icnves of 111 villi gio\\ii sliooth o i ,~pple culti\;~ia, 1'1ii111 ('cll. Ii\\ric ri11i1 Orguri Cirlritre, 16, 75-87. Federici, B.A., Luthy, P., Ibcrra, J.E., (1990) I'.il.aspornl body of lloc.illir.\ /liirrr~i,yit'~ii~.\r\ isrnrlaisis. structure, proleln coinposition ;~iid loxicity, 111: U~rcl~'ri(~I ('01io.01 0/ U~iiversity Press, New Bruilswick, NJ, pp. 16-44. Feldmanil, F.. Dullemaiis, A., Wanlwijk, C., (1905) Bi~~diilg of tlic CrylVD toxi11 of Applretl o~ici B~viro~~~~ie~ircrl Micruhrologv, 0 I. 260 I -2605. Flores. H., Soberori, X , S;lncliez, J., Bravo, A,, (1997) Isul;~tctl doliia~ii ll and I11 fioni Uocilllts rIluri~ryie~~e.sis CrylAb dclt;~-cndotoxiii brllda to Icpldoptcran midgut membranes, FEBS Latcrs, 4 14: 3 13-3 18. Food and Agr~cnlturc Organieat~on, (FAO), (200 I ) ~ l~~ir~~ol Nc,porr Food atid Agriculture Org;lnlzation, (FAO), (2002) Fuud Oirrlook, No 1 Foiltena, G.S., Santlnl, L., Caretto, S, Frugis, G., Muriotti, D., (1995) Gcne~ic ... - -- /-- legunle Cicer urieriiiu~n L. Plurir Scieni.6, 109: 207 -
Page 1:
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF Cicer ari
Page 4 and 5:
Certificate Ger/$ed /La/ /Ae eldire
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I deem il as a great pleastire to e
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CONTENTS ABBREVIAI'IONS SUMMARY LIS
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3.2.2.3 Shoot elongat~on 3.2.2.4 Ro
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ABBREVIATIONS 2-il' 2-isopci~~cnpl
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frequency was observed wit11 2,4,5-
Page 16 and 17:
in vitro grown plants w;is ocli~eve
Page 18 and 19:
LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Pr~~iier c
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Table 4.1 1 Effect ul'age uf lhe ex
Page 22 and 23:
Figure 4.1 A - D inducl~on of sonla
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Figure 4.9 A - C Alternative llleti
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Figure 4.15 A, B Restriction analys
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Figure 4.20 A, B DNA profile of gen
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1'1.0 INTRODUCTION L~fe is the ter~
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them. About 10% of the Earth's land
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observations GkI Shull's experiment
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(Nene and Haware, 1980). The legume
Page 38 and 39:
jf.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Large par
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plants from them enlhuscd scientist
Page 42 and 43:
introduction into protoplasts using
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evident by 1983 that the Agrobacter
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The above promoters were found to b
Page 48 and 49:
gained an illstant popi~larity owi~
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legume crop species. Cotyledon expl
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1994). Clonal propagation of FI int
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were induced to for111 callus when
Page 56 and 57:
' the ernblyos into plantlets on MS
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and nprII for selection. PCR and So
Page 60 and 61:
Agrobacleriuiii and ill otlier expe
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ioteclinologicsl i~iiprovemel~t of
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combinat~ons and concentrdtions of
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egenerated via somatic eliibryogene
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egenerat~on from protoplasts and ca
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transformants were identified by sy
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urgent econoniical control measures
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applications of traps. Technically
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in the laboratory and releasing tl~
Page 78 and 79:
have been exhaustively reviewd (Dai
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larvae of certaln Insects were unab
Page 82 and 83:
3.1 Pl:~nt 111nteri:il sllrl cultur
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0.5. 2.0 and 5.0 pM were added. 111
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Lec!/i?is: Young anci juve~iile lea
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AM3 explant: This was a by-product
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PM) 2nd GAJ (2 5 PM), eltller singl
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of the plastic bag was removed rwlc
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- . -- laopropyl alcoliol ; Absolul
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The sl~des were Illell muiaited and
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6. The bupcniatant \\,I,, t,ikcli i
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5. Microcal~lers were allowed to se
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till the growtli of bacterial cells
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;I! 37 'C for 3-24 Iiours 111 d;irL
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PCN for 111cl.4 ge!iiJ: I'C'I< tbr
Page 108 and 109:
4. Tliu pel \\as \r;~alicd 3 ti~iir
Page 110 and 111:
4.0 RESULTS $loaf of tllc c\l~cr~~l
Page 112 and 113: These combi~iatiori sl~owed liiorc
Page 114 and 115: egeneratloll \!;IS dli'licull ;~nti
Page 116 and 117: decreased a[ cllkalinc pH \+li~le 1
Page 118 and 119: either side of'bws;tl portiol~ oill
Page 120 and 121: IBA sl~owed bro\\~~i~~g i~lld de:~l
Page 122 and 123: humidity uf 50% 111 the dayrinie a1
Page 124 and 125: 4.2 Histological studies ~II nlultl
Page 126 and 127: sliowetl no liirtlie~ yrowlli Tllc
Page 128 and 129: Conlirmntioll of plllati!e t~.~ll~a
Page 131 and 132: 5.0 DISCUSSION During tile la31 dcc
Page 133 and 134: leatlets (Dilieshkuniar er al.. 109
Page 136 and 137: used with an add111ou;ll care :u~d
Page 138 and 139: tissue to regenerate illto lesser i
Page 140 and 141: prololigcd culture on TUL sho\\~d 1
Page 142 and 143: exceed 5 cni Icngtl~. Loiigcr shoot
Page 144 and 145: stem and lravca Secol~d;lrq ~'IIICI
Page 146 and 147: arnplitication of the sopccIi\i. 90
Page 148 and 149: Explant Preparation -Geminate seeds
Page 150 and 151: 6.0 REFERENCES Adkins, A.L.. Godwin
Page 152 and 153: Avenido, R.A., Hattori, I
Page 154 and 155: Benfey, P.N., Chua, N.1-I., Ilcgiii
Page 156 and 157: Cnrvalho. IC1.H C dc , Uui Vat1 LC
Page 158 and 159: Chu, P.W.G., Andersoli. B.J., Khan.
Page 160 and 161: Deblaere, R., Reyneerts, A., Hotte,
Page 164 and 165: Foster, J.G., Coulombe, B.A., Van S
Page 166 and 167: Gill, R., Saxstla, I'.K., (1992) Di
Page 168 and 169: Hess, D., (1970) Versueche zur tran
Page 170 and 171: Hopkinson, M.J. ;md Collins, I1.M.,
Page 172 and 173: Karthikeyan, A.S., Sarina, K.S., Ve
Page 174 and 175: Krens, F.A., Molendijk, L., L., Wul
Page 176 and 177: Li, Z.Y., Tanner, G.J., Larkin. P.J
Page 178 and 179: Maxan~, A.M., Gilbert, W., (1977) A
Page 180 and 181: field conditions. Procc.rdbigs o/Na
Page 182 and 183: Ohara, A., Akasako, Y., Daimon, H.,
Page 184 and 185: llechrnlics sur les prnidilies des
Page 186 and 187: Rand, G.M. (Ed.) (1995) Ftordir~~rc
Page 188 and 189: Richardson, M.J., (199 I ) Seed sto
Page 190 and 191: Sarria, R., Calderon, A., Thro, A.M
Page 192 and 193: Shri, P.V., Davls, T.M., (1992) Zen
Page 194 and 195: Tegeder, M. Koli~i, I-I., Nibbbe, M
Page 196 and 197: Venkatachalam, P., Klshor, P.B.K.,
Page 198 and 199: Winans, S.C., (1992) Tiyo way chemi
Page 200 and 201: 1 APPENDIX 1. hIURASRICE AND SI(SO)
Page 203 and 204: Table 4.1 Induction of sorrlalic er
Page 205 and 206: Table 4.3 111ducti011 of en~bryos O
Page 208 and 209: 'Table 4.6 Dificrent combinations o
Page 210 and 211: Table 4.8 Effect oI'TDZ, 2-iP :~nd
Page 212 and 213:
Table 4.10 Effect of i~lclusio~~ or
Page 214 and 215:
Table 4.12 Induction of multiple sh
Page 216 and 217:
Table 4.14 Effect of media constitu
Page 218:
Figure 3.1 Dii~gralll~l~i~tic rcpre
Page 222:
Figure 3.3 A - C Diagrn~nn~atic rep
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I . Nhu 1 51 ?C,%- .pal5125 &pa1512
Page 228:
I
Page 232:
Induction of somatic embryos from m
Page 238:
I.iy111. J.5 SI:i;i.\ iil ~ ~ l ~ ~
Page 254:
IIistologic:~l stutlic\ of dcveiopr
Page 258:
Rc\[ricfiot~ ;111;1l)si\ ur ill? ~
Page 262:
I'C'R :~llipLiiir:iriuil 01'700 bl)
Page 266:
Fixi1r.c 17 \r:15 -l)K,.\ ;!lid J"
Page 272:
1:igurr 4.22 Sui~lllcrn :III:II!s~$
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