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Sarria, R., Calderon, A., Thro, A.M., Torres, E., Mayer, J.E., Roca, W.M., (1994) Agrobocierirr~~r-mediated tra~isfosmal~on ot'S~dostr~rilies gllici~ie~isis iiiid pr~ductio~l of transyenlc plants, Plti~rr Sciorce. 96: 119-127. Saxena, C.. pa la^, S.K., S;lili,lntaray, S., Rout, G.R., Das, IJ.. (1007) Pla~lt rcgc~ier,itioii from callus cuitures of Psoro1'i.r co,7'lijblio Linn.. Plri~ii Gro~i11 I~cgrilciiio~~. 22: 13- 17 Scarpa, G.M., I'upilli, I:., Darnliln~, I:., Arcio111, S, Vcro~lcsi, I:.. (ell.); Bulli[rn, S.. (cd.): Carcdda, S., ( 1992) 111 vitso culture and plnrlt scgslicratloii iii ~letlic.ogopolyrr1oip1~~1 L. Ploidy and cliro~nosonie ma~l~pulation 111 tbragc brccdi~lg. 1'roceetling.s uj rile 17111 irrcrtitrg oj llrc Fotltlcr Crops Scclioi~ oj L:LICilRI'Itl. Alphero. Italy, 177- 170. Schcli, J., Van Montagu. M., De Bcuckelecs, M., De Block. M., llc~~~ckcr. I\.. Dc Wiide, M., Engler, G., Genetello, C.. Ilcr~i~lstecns, J.I'., llolstcrs, M., SCUSIIIC~. J.. Silva, U., Viin Vl~cl, I;., Villasscocl, I/i,r iu /)ltr~ii.s. " "- ---- Potrykus, I., Spangenbert, 1'., Eds., Springer Verlag. Berlin. 325-336. Scllnall, J.A., Weissinger, A.K., (1993) Culti~rrllg pcailut (Arlicliis Iry/)ogtieci L.) ~ygot~c embryos for tra~islbrn~atiun via ii~icsoprojcc~ilc bo~iibasd~llcnt, I'ltirir Cell Niq)urls. 12: 316-319. Shade, R.E., Schrocder, H.E., Pueya, J.J., Tnbe, L.M., Murdock, L.L., Higgins, T.J.V.. Chrispeels, M.J., (1994) Transgenic pea seeds expressing tlie u-amylasc inlilbitor of the cummon beall are resistant to brucli~d beetles, B~o/Tecl~~~olugy, 12: 793 - 796.
.'/' ' Sh kar, S., Ram, H. Y. M., (1993) Induction of soinatis e~l~bryogc~lesis in tllr tissue cultures of chickpea (Cicer aririi~iurri L.), Procerdi~igs oj /lie III~IUJI Na/io~r~/ Science Acudo~~)~. Part 8, Biologiccii Scte~ic~,~. 59: 629 - 632. Shao, C.Y., Russlnova, E., lantcheva, A., Ata~l:issoi, A.. klcCor~ilac, A,. Clicn. L).I,.. Elliott, M.C., Slakr, A., (2000) Rap~d Irailsforil~at~on and regeIIcratiuI1 01. alli~lli~ Sharma, L., Amla. D.V., (1998) D~rcct sliuut organuycncsla III ch~clipe;~ (('ice Shnrnla. K K., Ullojwulli, S.S., l'liorpc, ']'.A , (1901) llole oi'llic co~yIedu~~.~ry ~IS~LIC III thc in vltru d~t't'crc~~riat~un of shouts and roots from culyiedo~l explains ol'Drass~ca juncea (L.) Czern., i'lo~ii C'rll, ITsis,irt, cr~rd Orgtrti Qrllirrc, 24: 55 - 59 Sliarnla, V.K., Kotl~or~, S.L., (1993) Iligh Srequc~icy ])la111 rcgencratlun 111 t~bsuc Shurma, K K., Orl~z, K., (2UU0) Yrogln~ll lor tile applicoilu~~ of ycnctlc t~a~isibrmal~o~~ for crop ~rnprovemz~~t III thc sc~ll~-;lr~d tropics, IJI Virru Cell ~irill Ucvelup~~~eri/~~l Sheila, V.K., Mosa, J.P., Ciowda, C.L.L., I
Page 1:
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF Cicer ari
Page 4 and 5:
Certificate Ger/$ed /La/ /Ae eldire
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I deem il as a great pleastire to e
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CONTENTS ABBREVIAI'IONS SUMMARY LIS
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3.2.2.3 Shoot elongat~on 3.2.2.4 Ro
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ABBREVIATIONS 2-il' 2-isopci~~cnpl
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frequency was observed wit11 2,4,5-
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in vitro grown plants w;is ocli~eve
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LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Pr~~iier c
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Table 4.1 1 Effect ul'age uf lhe ex
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Figure 4.1 A - D inducl~on of sonla
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Figure 4.9 A - C Alternative llleti
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Figure 4.15 A, B Restriction analys
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Figure 4.20 A, B DNA profile of gen
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1'1.0 INTRODUCTION L~fe is the ter~
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them. About 10% of the Earth's land
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observations GkI Shull's experiment
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(Nene and Haware, 1980). The legume
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jf.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Large par
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plants from them enlhuscd scientist
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introduction into protoplasts using
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evident by 1983 that the Agrobacter
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The above promoters were found to b
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gained an illstant popi~larity owi~
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legume crop species. Cotyledon expl
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1994). Clonal propagation of FI int
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were induced to for111 callus when
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' the ernblyos into plantlets on MS
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and nprII for selection. PCR and So
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Agrobacleriuiii and ill otlier expe
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ioteclinologicsl i~iiprovemel~t of
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combinat~ons and concentrdtions of
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egenerated via somatic eliibryogene
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egenerat~on from protoplasts and ca
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transformants were identified by sy
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urgent econoniical control measures
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applications of traps. Technically
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in the laboratory and releasing tl~
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have been exhaustively reviewd (Dai
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larvae of certaln Insects were unab
Page 82 and 83:
3.1 Pl:~nt 111nteri:il sllrl cultur
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0.5. 2.0 and 5.0 pM were added. 111
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Lec!/i?is: Young anci juve~iile lea
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AM3 explant: This was a by-product
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PM) 2nd GAJ (2 5 PM), eltller singl
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of the plastic bag was removed rwlc
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- . -- laopropyl alcoliol ; Absolul
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The sl~des were Illell muiaited and
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6. The bupcniatant \\,I,, t,ikcli i
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5. Microcal~lers were allowed to se
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till the growtli of bacterial cells
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;I! 37 'C for 3-24 Iiours 111 d;irL
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PCN for 111cl.4 ge!iiJ: I'C'I< tbr
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4. Tliu pel \\as \r;~alicd 3 ti~iir
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4.0 RESULTS $loaf of tllc c\l~cr~~l
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These combi~iatiori sl~owed liiorc
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egeneratloll \!;IS dli'licull ;~nti
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decreased a[ cllkalinc pH \+li~le 1
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either side of'bws;tl portiol~ oill
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IBA sl~owed bro\\~~i~~g i~lld de:~l
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humidity uf 50% 111 the dayrinie a1
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4.2 Histological studies ~II nlultl
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sliowetl no liirtlie~ yrowlli Tllc
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Conlirmntioll of plllati!e t~.~ll~a
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5.0 DISCUSSION During tile la31 dcc
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leatlets (Dilieshkuniar er al.. 109
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used with an add111ou;ll care :u~d
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tissue to regenerate illto lesser i
Page 140 and 141: prololigcd culture on TUL sho\\~d 1
Page 142 and 143: exceed 5 cni Icngtl~. Loiigcr shoot
Page 144 and 145: stem and lravca Secol~d;lrq ~'IIICI
Page 146 and 147: arnplitication of the sopccIi\i. 90
Page 148 and 149: Explant Preparation -Geminate seeds
Page 150 and 151: 6.0 REFERENCES Adkins, A.L.. Godwin
Page 152 and 153: Avenido, R.A., Hattori, I
Page 154 and 155: Benfey, P.N., Chua, N.1-I., Ilcgiii
Page 156 and 157: Cnrvalho. IC1.H C dc , Uui Vat1 LC
Page 158 and 159: Chu, P.W.G., Andersoli. B.J., Khan.
Page 160 and 161: Deblaere, R., Reyneerts, A., Hotte,
Page 162 and 163: Drun~mond, M.H., Gordoil. M.P., Nes
Page 164 and 165: Foster, J.G., Coulombe, B.A., Van S
Page 166 and 167: Gill, R., Saxstla, I'.K., (1992) Di
Page 168 and 169: Hess, D., (1970) Versueche zur tran
Page 170 and 171: Hopkinson, M.J. ;md Collins, I1.M.,
Page 172 and 173: Karthikeyan, A.S., Sarina, K.S., Ve
Page 174 and 175: Krens, F.A., Molendijk, L., L., Wul
Page 176 and 177: Li, Z.Y., Tanner, G.J., Larkin. P.J
Page 178 and 179: Maxan~, A.M., Gilbert, W., (1977) A
Page 180 and 181: field conditions. Procc.rdbigs o/Na
Page 182 and 183: Ohara, A., Akasako, Y., Daimon, H.,
Page 184 and 185: llechrnlics sur les prnidilies des
Page 186 and 187: Rand, G.M. (Ed.) (1995) Ftordir~~rc
Page 188 and 189: Richardson, M.J., (199 I ) Seed sto
Page 192 and 193: Shri, P.V., Davls, T.M., (1992) Zen
Page 194 and 195: Tegeder, M. Koli~i, I-I., Nibbbe, M
Page 196 and 197: Venkatachalam, P., Klshor, P.B.K.,
Page 198 and 199: Winans, S.C., (1992) Tiyo way chemi
Page 200 and 201: 1 APPENDIX 1. hIURASRICE AND SI(SO)
Page 203 and 204: Table 4.1 Induction of sorrlalic er
Page 205 and 206: Table 4.3 111ducti011 of en~bryos O
Page 208 and 209: 'Table 4.6 Dificrent combinations o
Page 210 and 211: Table 4.8 Effect oI'TDZ, 2-iP :~nd
Page 212 and 213: Table 4.10 Effect of i~lclusio~~ or
Page 214 and 215: Table 4.12 Induction of multiple sh
Page 216 and 217: Table 4.14 Effect of media constitu
Page 218: Figure 3.1 Dii~gralll~l~i~tic rcpre
Page 222: Figure 3.3 A - C Diagrn~nn~atic rep
Page 225 and 226: I . Nhu 1 51 ?C,%- .pal5125 &pa1512
Page 228: I
Page 232: Induction of somatic embryos from m
Page 238: I.iy111. J.5 SI:i;i.\ iil ~ ~ l ~ ~
Page 254:
IIistologic:~l stutlic\ of dcveiopr
Page 258:
Rc\[ricfiot~ ;111;1l)si\ ur ill? ~
Page 262:
I'C'R :~llipLiiir:iriuil 01'700 bl)
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Fixi1r.c 17 \r:15 -l)K,.\ ;!lid J"
Page 272:
1:igurr 4.22 Sui~lllcrn :III:II!s~$
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