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5.0 DISCUSSION During tile la31 dccadc, btu~cci;~;ulug~ I1i1, 111~1(lc i~ill)~.e\hivc ;I~V;II~CCIIIL.II~S. Genetic ~ranstbrrn~r~o~; oi'crop l)la~il\ I\ 11, \:ilil,~blc ,I~J)cc~. Ie;1d111g tu~~irdb \lie h~ildt~ig of an organized and hcallliy ,ig~~culti~re \).>IL.III ficc li.ulii 111c u>c ol'pullr~l~ng i~~acc~icidca and funglcidea. Explor~tig 111~' poa\~btl~rlc\ (11 I~anilcrr~ng pch rci~cla~~cc pcllcs In pea
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GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF Cicer ari
Page 4 and 5:
Certificate Ger/$ed /La/ /Ae eldire
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I deem il as a great pleastire to e
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CONTENTS ABBREVIAI'IONS SUMMARY LIS
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3.2.2.3 Shoot elongat~on 3.2.2.4 Ro
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ABBREVIATIONS 2-il' 2-isopci~~cnpl
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frequency was observed wit11 2,4,5-
Page 16 and 17:
in vitro grown plants w;is ocli~eve
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LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Pr~~iier c
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Table 4.1 1 Effect ul'age uf lhe ex
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Figure 4.1 A - D inducl~on of sonla
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Figure 4.9 A - C Alternative llleti
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Figure 4.15 A, B Restriction analys
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Figure 4.20 A, B DNA profile of gen
Page 30 and 31:
1'1.0 INTRODUCTION L~fe is the ter~
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them. About 10% of the Earth's land
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observations GkI Shull's experiment
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(Nene and Haware, 1980). The legume
Page 38 and 39:
jf.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Large par
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plants from them enlhuscd scientist
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introduction into protoplasts using
Page 44 and 45:
evident by 1983 that the Agrobacter
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The above promoters were found to b
Page 48 and 49:
gained an illstant popi~larity owi~
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legume crop species. Cotyledon expl
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1994). Clonal propagation of FI int
Page 54 and 55:
were induced to for111 callus when
Page 56 and 57:
' the ernblyos into plantlets on MS
Page 58 and 59:
and nprII for selection. PCR and So
Page 60 and 61:
Agrobacleriuiii and ill otlier expe
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ioteclinologicsl i~iiprovemel~t of
Page 64 and 65:
combinat~ons and concentrdtions of
Page 66 and 67:
egenerated via somatic eliibryogene
Page 68 and 69:
egenerat~on from protoplasts and ca
Page 70 and 71:
transformants were identified by sy
Page 72 and 73:
urgent econoniical control measures
Page 74 and 75:
applications of traps. Technically
Page 76 and 77:
in the laboratory and releasing tl~
Page 78 and 79:
have been exhaustively reviewd (Dai
Page 80 and 81: larvae of certaln Insects were unab
Page 82 and 83: 3.1 Pl:~nt 111nteri:il sllrl cultur
Page 84 and 85: 0.5. 2.0 and 5.0 pM were added. 111
Page 86 and 87: Lec!/i?is: Young anci juve~iile lea
Page 88 and 89: AM3 explant: This was a by-product
Page 90 and 91: PM) 2nd GAJ (2 5 PM), eltller singl
Page 92 and 93: of the plastic bag was removed rwlc
Page 94 and 95: - . -- laopropyl alcoliol ; Absolul
Page 96 and 97: The sl~des were Illell muiaited and
Page 98 and 99: 6. The bupcniatant \\,I,, t,ikcli i
Page 100 and 101: 5. Microcal~lers were allowed to se
Page 102 and 103: till the growtli of bacterial cells
Page 104 and 105: ;I! 37 'C for 3-24 Iiours 111 d;irL
Page 106 and 107: PCN for 111cl.4 ge!iiJ: I'C'I< tbr
Page 108 and 109: 4. Tliu pel \\as \r;~alicd 3 ti~iir
Page 110 and 111: 4.0 RESULTS $loaf of tllc c\l~cr~~l
Page 112 and 113: These combi~iatiori sl~owed liiorc
Page 114 and 115: egeneratloll \!;IS dli'licull ;~nti
Page 116 and 117: decreased a[ cllkalinc pH \+li~le 1
Page 118 and 119: either side of'bws;tl portiol~ oill
Page 120 and 121: IBA sl~owed bro\\~~i~~g i~lld de:~l
Page 122 and 123: humidity uf 50% 111 the dayrinie a1
Page 124 and 125: 4.2 Histological studies ~II nlultl
Page 126 and 127: sliowetl no liirtlie~ yrowlli Tllc
Page 128 and 129: Conlirmntioll of plllati!e t~.~ll~a
Page 132 and 133: (Shade et al. 1991: blorru~i ct ol.
Page 134: selection arid prepordtloii ul' c\l
Page 137 and 138: appropriate conce~itralio~i of TDZ
Page 139 and 140: cotyledoli incl~ided. Aalllary ~iii
Page 141 and 142: terms of leaflel ~norpholugy atid i
Page 143 and 144: wilting or drylng of tl~e pliints.
Page 145 and 146: molecul~ir analysis of tlic I'III~~
Page 147 and 148: with a variable copy 11~11nber CBI
Page 149 and 150: Explant Preparation -Germmate seeds
Page 151 and 152: Altieri, M.A., Whitcomb., (1980) We
Page 153 and 154: Proceedings of rhr Natiorlul Acader
Page 155 and 156: Biron, D., Vincent, C., Giroux, M..
Page 157 and 158: Chilton, M.D.. Drummon, M.H., Merlo
Page 159 and 160: Bucrllirs rhrrrmgre~iesis subsp. Is
Page 161 and 162: Dillen, W., Clercq, J. de., Goossen
Page 163 and 164: Cella, R., Falavigna, A., (eds.) Cl
Page 165 and 166: Gavidia, I., Zaragoza, C., Segura,
Page 167 and 168: Gulati, A., Jaiwal, P K., (1990) Cu
Page 169 and 170: Hooykaas, P.J.J., Klapwijk, P.M., N
Page 171 and 172: ~ .- Jones, B., Davey, MR., (1991)
Page 173 and 174: Khan, M,R.l., L.M., Heath, L.C., Sp
Page 175 and 176: Last, D.I., Brettel, R.I.S., Chanib
Page 177 and 178: Malik, K.A., Khan, S.T.A., Saxella,
Page 179 and 180: Mickel, C.E , Standish, J.. (1947)
Page 181 and 182:
egeneration in excised cotyledon cu
Page 183 and 184:
Parr, J.F., (1974) Effects of pesti
Page 185 and 186:
' Potrykus, I., Spangenberg, G., (1
Page 187 and 188:
Rech, E.L., Golds. T.J., Hammatt. N
Page 189 and 190:
Ryan, Clarence A., (1990) Proteasr
Page 191 and 192:
.'/' ' Sh kar, S., Ram, H. Y. M., (
Page 193 and 194:
Stiff, C.M., Leuba, V.. Sun. 9.. Le
Page 195 and 196:
.-A. Uawithya, P , Tuntitippawan. T
Page 197 and 198:
__-- Wa_a_s5JL(l1)96) "Yes. But Doe
Page 199 and 200:
Zambryski. P., Holsters, bl., Kruge
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2. Fixative used for fisntio~~ of t
Page 204 and 205:
Table 4.2 Induction of elnbryos 011
Page 206:
Table 4.4 Induction of embryos 011
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~ Table 4.7 lnductio~~ of multiple
Page 211 and 212:
Table 4.9 Effect of pH of tile clll
Page 213 and 214:
Table 4.11 Effect of age of tllc es
Page 215 and 216:
Table 4.13 Effect of media composit
Page 217 and 218:
'Table 4.15 1.etl1nl dose testing :
Page 220:
I'relii~rutior~ ofi~xillary ~lleris
Page 224 and 225:
Figure 3.4 llestrictio~~ Innp of tl
Page 226:
Itestrictiol~ III;I~) 01' the plasn
Page 230:
Induclio~~ of son~atic cn~bryos fro
Page 234:
Effect uf co~~centrr~tio~t of BAP o
Page 250:
.A cu~irj~lr~t~ scl~clrie 01' rcgel
Page 256:
C!osrr ol)sei~v:~~iuri tlc\~clo~)i~
Page 260:
CliS I~i~locl~cl~tic;~l ;I,s;I) of
Page 264:
l:iyuris 4.18 IY'lt ;~ri~l~Ijl'ic;l
Page 268:
1:igitt.e 4.?O 1)S.t 111.uIile 01'
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