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Karthikeyan, A.S., Sarina, K.S., Velutlianibr, K., (1996) Agrubucrerrrri~i rrr~iicyucinrs- mediated transfoni~ation of Vigna ~iiuiigo (L.) Hepper, Plo~ir Cell R~~ports, 15: 328- 331. Kathen, A d., Jacobscl~. II.J., De Katlicri, A.. (1990) ,.Igrubrtc~rcrrtrni ru~ii~;/oci~~~rs- mediated transforn~atioii of Pisri~ii scicti,lr~ii L using b111;ll.y ;rrld coIntcgt.:Itc vc~tors. f/Ull/ CE// /?~!purIA, 9: 276-279. Kaur, P., Bh;illa, J.K., (1998) Rege~~cr:ltiori of Ii:ililoid pla~ils li-0111 ~i~icrospor-c cull~~rc of pigconpen (Cirju~rirs ccijci~i L.). I~iilirr~i .iorri.~rcil q/ L.~~-l,~~i~ii~rorrrrl Uioli~~)'. 30. 736- 738. Kaushal, R.P., Katrshal, B., Rashmi, N., V;l~d, A,, S~ngl~, U.M., (1907) Induclio~i ol' callus cultures arid regenemtion of so~i~i~cloiies Srorri diffcrcnl cxpl;~rils VS urdbcari [Viyriu i~iir~rgo (L.) klcpper] and their cv;ilu;rtrori tbr rcslslaricc iu (i~r~~u.sporii cu~ie~ct.ri.s. P~~utcetli~rgs qf' lirr /~~rlirrrr ~Vrtr~oi~irl S~,ieiic,rJ ilc,uilciity /'cII~I-/~, Biologicril Scre~ice~, 63: 359-367. Kay, R., Cllari, A,, DJI~, M., Mcl'hcraori, J., (1987) Uuplicatiori US CaMV 35s pr01110ter ~C~IU~IIC~S CIC;IICS n slrong enh;iilccr for pl:ii~t ger~cb, Scie~rc~, 236: 1290- 1302. Ker~n, J., (1994) Opcniiig address. In iJrutceti~rig,s of fiie Iiirerriurio~rul IVorkiir~ Coii/ereiicc oil Srured-prodrrcr Prorecrtoti, Canberra, Australia Volunie I, p. xix-xx Kerr, A,, (1971) T~xnafcr of viiulcnce betwccn rsolalcs ul'Agrobucrcr~rrn~, ~Vuirire, 223: 4117~:)7~110rh, I'D, (1984) Plantlet rcgclieriltiml Lo~n cutylnlunxy r~odis uf __.-- - - chickpea, i~~rer~iucio~~ul Cliickpeu iVeiewhIrrrer, I 1: 22 - 24.
Khan, M,R.l., L.M., Heath, L.C., Speiicer, D.. H~ggiils. T.J.v.. (1994) Agrobac~rriu~~i-mrdiated transfonixttlon of subtcrrjneall clo\er (yrgo/ililli subrenu~lelcl~i L.). Pln~irPliy~ioluy~~, 105: 8 1-88, Kim, D.M., Clioi, K.S., (1989) I~ldlictloii of ~ii~llti s11oots :IIIJ pl;111t ~C~CIIL'I.;IIIOII ti.0111 protoplasts of allhliii (hledictigu siiiivci L.). 7711, Kurciii~ Jr~irririi! 01 1joi011\, 32. .I l3~ 322. Klcili. T.M.. Woll; E. D., LVu, 11.. S.111lurd. LC'. (1087) ll~gli \clucity ~i~~ciu~~~ojcct~lc for deli\eri~ig ~ii~clelc ;icids into li\ ing cells, Niiriii.~., 327: 70-73. Knowles, B., Ellar, D.J., (1987) Coilold-os~ilotlc lysis 1s a gcncr;ll k:ltilrc of the nlechanisni ofac~ioli ot'Uiicilliu t1r1,riiigioie~i.i 8-clidotoxins w1t11 drfl;.rent inaect specilicities, Bioclii~irict~ ei Biup11)~sicu Acrri, 924: 509-5 18. Koiwa, K , Sllade, R.E., Zliu-Snlz~nan, K., Si~b~.;~~iii~~iii~n, L., M~irdock, L.L.. N~clscli. S.S., Breasan, lI.A., llnsegnwa, I' M., (1998) I'hagc display sclecr~o~i villi differelltiate ~nsccuc~d:il ;ic[iv~ty of soybean cystall~is, ijicit~r Joio.1iii1, 1.1. 37 1-37'), Koziel, M.G.. beland, G,L , Bowmon, C., Cilrrorz~, N B., Crcnshnw, 11.. C'russlnl~d, L , Dawson. I.. Uesai. N., Ilill, hl., Kudwell, S., Launis, K., Lcwis, K., Maddox, I)., McPl~er~un, K., tvlcgliji, M.II.. Merli~i, I:., I
Page 1:
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF Cicer ari
Page 4 and 5:
Certificate Ger/$ed /La/ /Ae eldire
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I deem il as a great pleastire to e
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CONTENTS ABBREVIAI'IONS SUMMARY LIS
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3.2.2.3 Shoot elongat~on 3.2.2.4 Ro
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ABBREVIATIONS 2-il' 2-isopci~~cnpl
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frequency was observed wit11 2,4,5-
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in vitro grown plants w;is ocli~eve
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LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Pr~~iier c
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Table 4.1 1 Effect ul'age uf lhe ex
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Figure 4.1 A - D inducl~on of sonla
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Figure 4.9 A - C Alternative llleti
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Figure 4.15 A, B Restriction analys
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Figure 4.20 A, B DNA profile of gen
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1'1.0 INTRODUCTION L~fe is the ter~
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them. About 10% of the Earth's land
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observations GkI Shull's experiment
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(Nene and Haware, 1980). The legume
Page 38 and 39:
jf.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Large par
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plants from them enlhuscd scientist
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introduction into protoplasts using
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evident by 1983 that the Agrobacter
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The above promoters were found to b
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gained an illstant popi~larity owi~
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legume crop species. Cotyledon expl
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1994). Clonal propagation of FI int
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were induced to for111 callus when
Page 56 and 57:
' the ernblyos into plantlets on MS
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and nprII for selection. PCR and So
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Agrobacleriuiii and ill otlier expe
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ioteclinologicsl i~iiprovemel~t of
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combinat~ons and concentrdtions of
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egenerated via somatic eliibryogene
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egenerat~on from protoplasts and ca
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transformants were identified by sy
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urgent econoniical control measures
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applications of traps. Technically
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in the laboratory and releasing tl~
Page 78 and 79:
have been exhaustively reviewd (Dai
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larvae of certaln Insects were unab
Page 82 and 83:
3.1 Pl:~nt 111nteri:il sllrl cultur
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0.5. 2.0 and 5.0 pM were added. 111
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Lec!/i?is: Young anci juve~iile lea
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AM3 explant: This was a by-product
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PM) 2nd GAJ (2 5 PM), eltller singl
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of the plastic bag was removed rwlc
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- . -- laopropyl alcoliol ; Absolul
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The sl~des were Illell muiaited and
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6. The bupcniatant \\,I,, t,ikcli i
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5. Microcal~lers were allowed to se
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till the growtli of bacterial cells
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;I! 37 'C for 3-24 Iiours 111 d;irL
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PCN for 111cl.4 ge!iiJ: I'C'I< tbr
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4. Tliu pel \\as \r;~alicd 3 ti~iir
Page 110 and 111:
4.0 RESULTS $loaf of tllc c\l~cr~~l
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These combi~iatiori sl~owed liiorc
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egeneratloll \!;IS dli'licull ;~nti
Page 116 and 117:
decreased a[ cllkalinc pH \+li~le 1
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either side of'bws;tl portiol~ oill
Page 120 and 121:
IBA sl~owed bro\\~~i~~g i~lld de:~l
Page 122 and 123: humidity uf 50% 111 the dayrinie a1
Page 124 and 125: 4.2 Histological studies ~II nlultl
Page 126 and 127: sliowetl no liirtlie~ yrowlli Tllc
Page 128 and 129: Conlirmntioll of plllati!e t~.~ll~a
Page 131 and 132: 5.0 DISCUSSION During tile la31 dcc
Page 133 and 134: leatlets (Dilieshkuniar er al.. 109
Page 136 and 137: used with an add111ou;ll care :u~d
Page 138 and 139: tissue to regenerate illto lesser i
Page 140 and 141: prololigcd culture on TUL sho\\~d 1
Page 142 and 143: exceed 5 cni Icngtl~. Loiigcr shoot
Page 144 and 145: stem and lravca Secol~d;lrq ~'IIICI
Page 146 and 147: arnplitication of the sopccIi\i. 90
Page 148 and 149: Explant Preparation -Geminate seeds
Page 150 and 151: 6.0 REFERENCES Adkins, A.L.. Godwin
Page 152 and 153: Avenido, R.A., Hattori, I
Page 154 and 155: Benfey, P.N., Chua, N.1-I., Ilcgiii
Page 156 and 157: Cnrvalho. IC1.H C dc , Uui Vat1 LC
Page 158 and 159: Chu, P.W.G., Andersoli. B.J., Khan.
Page 160 and 161: Deblaere, R., Reyneerts, A., Hotte,
Page 162 and 163: Drun~mond, M.H., Gordoil. M.P., Nes
Page 164 and 165: Foster, J.G., Coulombe, B.A., Van S
Page 166 and 167: Gill, R., Saxstla, I'.K., (1992) Di
Page 168 and 169: Hess, D., (1970) Versueche zur tran
Page 170 and 171: Hopkinson, M.J. ;md Collins, I1.M.,
Page 174 and 175: Krens, F.A., Molendijk, L., L., Wul
Page 176 and 177: Li, Z.Y., Tanner, G.J., Larkin. P.J
Page 178 and 179: Maxan~, A.M., Gilbert, W., (1977) A
Page 180 and 181: field conditions. Procc.rdbigs o/Na
Page 182 and 183: Ohara, A., Akasako, Y., Daimon, H.,
Page 184 and 185: llechrnlics sur les prnidilies des
Page 186 and 187: Rand, G.M. (Ed.) (1995) Ftordir~~rc
Page 188 and 189: Richardson, M.J., (199 I ) Seed sto
Page 190 and 191: Sarria, R., Calderon, A., Thro, A.M
Page 192 and 193: Shri, P.V., Davls, T.M., (1992) Zen
Page 194 and 195: Tegeder, M. Koli~i, I-I., Nibbbe, M
Page 196 and 197: Venkatachalam, P., Klshor, P.B.K.,
Page 198 and 199: Winans, S.C., (1992) Tiyo way chemi
Page 200 and 201: 1 APPENDIX 1. hIURASRICE AND SI(SO)
Page 203 and 204: Table 4.1 Induction of sorrlalic er
Page 205 and 206: Table 4.3 111ducti011 of en~bryos O
Page 208 and 209: 'Table 4.6 Dificrent combinations o
Page 210 and 211: Table 4.8 Effect oI'TDZ, 2-iP :~nd
Page 212 and 213: Table 4.10 Effect of i~lclusio~~ or
Page 214 and 215: Table 4.12 Induction of multiple sh
Page 216 and 217: Table 4.14 Effect of media constitu
Page 218: Figure 3.1 Dii~gralll~l~i~tic rcpre
Page 222:
Figure 3.3 A - C Diagrn~nn~atic rep
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I . Nhu 1 51 ?C,%- .pal5125 &pa1512
Page 228:
I
Page 232:
Induction of somatic embryos from m
Page 238:
I.iy111. J.5 SI:i;i.\ iil ~ ~ l ~ ~
Page 254:
IIistologic:~l stutlic\ of dcveiopr
Page 258:
Rc\[ricfiot~ ;111;1l)si\ ur ill? ~
Page 262:
I'C'R :~llipLiiir:iriuil 01'700 bl)
Page 266:
Fixi1r.c 17 \r:15 -l)K,.\ ;!lid J"
Page 272:
1:igurr 4.22 Sui~lllcrn :III:II!s~$
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