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tissue to regenerate illto lesser i i u ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ 111 utl~e oC;IS~ t 01' s ;l\ill;lry . -- .-- meristen~, removal of axillas) bud liiilllliea tile .~pic;il ~OIIIIII~IIIC~ 111 :idtlilit111 to tllis. IC medlun~. The tissue a~lj;~cci~~ tu llie ahlll:~ry bud ;IIL';I t11.1r II,I> III~II\ICIII;IIIC IIISLIC I.CTCI\C~ shoots. Et'rcct of age ur tllc >CCLIIIII~ I~UIII \\IIICII llic ckl11~1111\ \\ere dcri\cd sIIu\\\ 111,it expl:~nts \\.ill be derived. Uoci;ll .II~L~;i\lll.iiy mcrlhicilla II.I\~ bee11 I~~LIIIII\II~~ II~\IIC~ lili regeneraling eapacily \+IIII cul~\i~~ci~~gly ;IC~~~.IIIIIIULI> 11:ilurc ul'lhc rcgci~ctill~~ig IIILIIIII~IC rrgellerarloil protocol, ol' v.il.lou> 111,1111\. I\\I/~;II) IIICII>IL'III \\.I\ ~LIIIIIIC~I IIII~C~ \:IIIOLI\ IISSU~ has a direct correlation \\IIII il~uu~ ui ruul ~II~'~~~-CIIII.III~II I~(I~CIIII;II in N~,(i>\i(.ii
cotyledoli incl~ided. Aalllary ~iii.~~atc~li e\pl;in~s ilc\oid oi cot)ledoli ,llo\vcd lesser - - it afkctr upt:ikc of~:~r~uuh I~LI~WICI~I 11111>. 1'111.1Lc 111' 111li~i1~ ;III~,1111111~111~1111 %ire I~~IIII:III~~ affected by the mediiilii 111-1 (Ilclirc~itl ;illti \l:!ti.l~\. lCi:5. l(,i\sn. ICjSi)i 11 \\;is ubscl~\cd that nltr;lte 11pr.ike la 1:1\uurrd :!I lo\\ 1111 :1nd ~1111111011111111 .II III~IICI 1111 .\\lll,~r! 011d 111ult1pli~a11011 III shoot CII~~~IIC:, UI' C'i~il~~llc:~ \\:I\ II~UII \i~~~\l';~~~~r~ \\IIcI~ 111~' 1111 (11' hlS \\,as red~~ccti to 4 (Cllsvrc el :I]., IOh'3). lC~\C~ \\IIII cIiich11c:1 tll~t \I~.C~C~I\C ill 111~ C~IIICCIII~,IIIOII ~i IIIIKIIC\ in the ibrm ol'KY01 \\':IS t;~~or.~blc Ibr luul~iig Ths III~~~I~C LIIII;II\C I\ I;I\II~CCI :I( IL)IYCI pII and iininio~iiulii at IllgIle~ plI. it c.111 bc li)putl~c\i/ud LII:II l ~ ~ loll\ ~ IIII~III ~ I~c ~ ~ lil\orlng routing at li~glicr pli ;111d III~~,I~~S 111v~~r111g SIOI III(~UCIIOII S~;i~~d;irtiiiat~u~i ul' IIII~UCIIUII IIICL~IIIIII \V;I~ LI~JIIC L.(III\I~CIIII~ iill \I,I~c\ 01' 111.111t rcg~1ier;ilIoli \i~cIi ;IS clo1ig:111011 'III~ ~OOIII!~ 1 IS\II~, lo\\s\l 11111 sli2ct1\ c COIIL~II~~;I~IOII ul' TL)z \KIS i0Lll1li IU bt !3~1\~~~11 4 I0 11) ~ \ 1 Ill \I?\\ 11~'~~lL' i':l~l ld1;lI ~ 1 1 ~~J11CC11~~1~1011 ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ol'TDZ negati\cI) ~llrcrli.~c\ \r 1111 tl~c IILIIII~CI 01 >IIUUI bull\ ,111~1 IIICI~ ~IOII~;I~IUI!, 4 ILM was conaidered 45 u1111111:11 iiorh~llg COIICCIII~~IIIOII \LII~I~CI ui'\I~uut hi~ds ;~lro(ICC~C;I\C~ ~vitli illcrease 111 TL)% CUIICCII~I,III~II L'cI~ 111gIi CUII~CIIII~III~JII III'IIIC TI)% M:I\ ~bher~cd lo gibe stunted slio~~t biiil, \\IIII l~ttlc or no ~IUII~~IIIUI~ In atldlt~on to tills exlcndcti I111ic of culturc on TUL ,ilsu 11;1a ,umc ncg;ltl\r cllka on lllc I;llcr at;lgo 'l'llougl! 4 pM 'I'D% was optlmnl work~ng cunceilrratloli. CLII~LI~III~ ills C\PI~IIL~ UI Lllc s~ille IIIC~IUIII Sur 5 tu 6 necks dccrcabed tlic clu~ig~t~uti l'ic~~ucrlc~ !\~II~IL,IIILJII uI';i~iy gru~tli rvg~11;11urs :iI'tcr lllc
Page 1:
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF Cicer ari
Page 4 and 5:
Certificate Ger/$ed /La/ /Ae eldire
Page 6 and 7:
I deem il as a great pleastire to e
Page 8 and 9:
CONTENTS ABBREVIAI'IONS SUMMARY LIS
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3.2.2.3 Shoot elongat~on 3.2.2.4 Ro
Page 12 and 13:
ABBREVIATIONS 2-il' 2-isopci~~cnpl
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frequency was observed wit11 2,4,5-
Page 16 and 17:
in vitro grown plants w;is ocli~eve
Page 18 and 19:
LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Pr~~iier c
Page 20 and 21:
Table 4.1 1 Effect ul'age uf lhe ex
Page 22 and 23:
Figure 4.1 A - D inducl~on of sonla
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Figure 4.9 A - C Alternative llleti
Page 26 and 27:
Figure 4.15 A, B Restriction analys
Page 28 and 29:
Figure 4.20 A, B DNA profile of gen
Page 30 and 31:
1'1.0 INTRODUCTION L~fe is the ter~
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them. About 10% of the Earth's land
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observations GkI Shull's experiment
Page 36 and 37:
(Nene and Haware, 1980). The legume
Page 38 and 39:
jf.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Large par
Page 40 and 41:
plants from them enlhuscd scientist
Page 42 and 43:
introduction into protoplasts using
Page 44 and 45:
evident by 1983 that the Agrobacter
Page 46 and 47:
The above promoters were found to b
Page 48 and 49:
gained an illstant popi~larity owi~
Page 50 and 51:
legume crop species. Cotyledon expl
Page 52 and 53:
1994). Clonal propagation of FI int
Page 54 and 55:
were induced to for111 callus when
Page 56 and 57:
' the ernblyos into plantlets on MS
Page 58 and 59:
and nprII for selection. PCR and So
Page 60 and 61:
Agrobacleriuiii and ill otlier expe
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ioteclinologicsl i~iiprovemel~t of
Page 64 and 65:
combinat~ons and concentrdtions of
Page 66 and 67:
egenerated via somatic eliibryogene
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egenerat~on from protoplasts and ca
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transformants were identified by sy
Page 72 and 73:
urgent econoniical control measures
Page 74 and 75:
applications of traps. Technically
Page 76 and 77:
in the laboratory and releasing tl~
Page 78 and 79:
have been exhaustively reviewd (Dai
Page 80 and 81:
larvae of certaln Insects were unab
Page 82 and 83:
3.1 Pl:~nt 111nteri:il sllrl cultur
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0.5. 2.0 and 5.0 pM were added. 111
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Lec!/i?is: Young anci juve~iile lea
Page 88 and 89: AM3 explant: This was a by-product
Page 90 and 91: PM) 2nd GAJ (2 5 PM), eltller singl
Page 92 and 93: of the plastic bag was removed rwlc
Page 94 and 95: - . -- laopropyl alcoliol ; Absolul
Page 96 and 97: The sl~des were Illell muiaited and
Page 98 and 99: 6. The bupcniatant \\,I,, t,ikcli i
Page 100 and 101: 5. Microcal~lers were allowed to se
Page 102 and 103: till the growtli of bacterial cells
Page 104 and 105: ;I! 37 'C for 3-24 Iiours 111 d;irL
Page 106 and 107: PCN for 111cl.4 ge!iiJ: I'C'I< tbr
Page 108 and 109: 4. Tliu pel \\as \r;~alicd 3 ti~iir
Page 110 and 111: 4.0 RESULTS $loaf of tllc c\l~cr~~l
Page 112 and 113: These combi~iatiori sl~owed liiorc
Page 114 and 115: egeneratloll \!;IS dli'licull ;~nti
Page 116 and 117: decreased a[ cllkalinc pH \+li~le 1
Page 118 and 119: either side of'bws;tl portiol~ oill
Page 120 and 121: IBA sl~owed bro\\~~i~~g i~lld de:~l
Page 122 and 123: humidity uf 50% 111 the dayrinie a1
Page 124 and 125: 4.2 Histological studies ~II nlultl
Page 126 and 127: sliowetl no liirtlie~ yrowlli Tllc
Page 128 and 129: Conlirmntioll of plllati!e t~.~ll~a
Page 131 and 132: 5.0 DISCUSSION During tile la31 dcc
Page 133 and 134: leatlets (Dilieshkuniar er al.. 109
Page 136 and 137: used with an add111ou;ll care :u~d
Page 140 and 141: prololigcd culture on TUL sho\\~d 1
Page 142 and 143: exceed 5 cni Icngtl~. Loiigcr shoot
Page 144 and 145: stem and lravca Secol~d;lrq ~'IIICI
Page 146 and 147: arnplitication of the sopccIi\i. 90
Page 148 and 149: Explant Preparation -Geminate seeds
Page 150 and 151: 6.0 REFERENCES Adkins, A.L.. Godwin
Page 152 and 153: Avenido, R.A., Hattori, I
Page 154 and 155: Benfey, P.N., Chua, N.1-I., Ilcgiii
Page 156 and 157: Cnrvalho. IC1.H C dc , Uui Vat1 LC
Page 158 and 159: Chu, P.W.G., Andersoli. B.J., Khan.
Page 160 and 161: Deblaere, R., Reyneerts, A., Hotte,
Page 162 and 163: Drun~mond, M.H., Gordoil. M.P., Nes
Page 164 and 165: Foster, J.G., Coulombe, B.A., Van S
Page 166 and 167: Gill, R., Saxstla, I'.K., (1992) Di
Page 168 and 169: Hess, D., (1970) Versueche zur tran
Page 170 and 171: Hopkinson, M.J. ;md Collins, I1.M.,
Page 172 and 173: Karthikeyan, A.S., Sarina, K.S., Ve
Page 174 and 175: Krens, F.A., Molendijk, L., L., Wul
Page 176 and 177: Li, Z.Y., Tanner, G.J., Larkin. P.J
Page 178 and 179: Maxan~, A.M., Gilbert, W., (1977) A
Page 180 and 181: field conditions. Procc.rdbigs o/Na
Page 182 and 183: Ohara, A., Akasako, Y., Daimon, H.,
Page 184 and 185: llechrnlics sur les prnidilies des
Page 186 and 187: Rand, G.M. (Ed.) (1995) Ftordir~~rc
Page 188 and 189:
Richardson, M.J., (199 I ) Seed sto
Page 190 and 191:
Sarria, R., Calderon, A., Thro, A.M
Page 192 and 193:
Shri, P.V., Davls, T.M., (1992) Zen
Page 194 and 195:
Tegeder, M. Koli~i, I-I., Nibbbe, M
Page 196 and 197:
Venkatachalam, P., Klshor, P.B.K.,
Page 198 and 199:
Winans, S.C., (1992) Tiyo way chemi
Page 200 and 201:
1 APPENDIX 1. hIURASRICE AND SI(SO)
Page 203 and 204:
Table 4.1 Induction of sorrlalic er
Page 205 and 206:
Table 4.3 111ducti011 of en~bryos O
Page 208 and 209:
'Table 4.6 Dificrent combinations o
Page 210 and 211:
Table 4.8 Effect oI'TDZ, 2-iP :~nd
Page 212 and 213:
Table 4.10 Effect of i~lclusio~~ or
Page 214 and 215:
Table 4.12 Induction of multiple sh
Page 216 and 217:
Table 4.14 Effect of media constitu
Page 218:
Figure 3.1 Dii~gralll~l~i~tic rcpre
Page 222:
Figure 3.3 A - C Diagrn~nn~atic rep
Page 225 and 226:
I . Nhu 1 51 ?C,%- .pal5125 &pa1512
Page 228:
I
Page 232:
Induction of somatic embryos from m
Page 238:
I.iy111. J.5 SI:i;i.\ iil ~ ~ l ~ ~
Page 254:
IIistologic:~l stutlic\ of dcveiopr
Page 258:
Rc\[ricfiot~ ;111;1l)si\ ur ill? ~
Page 262:
I'C'R :~llipLiiir:iriuil 01'700 bl)
Page 266:
Fixi1r.c 17 \r:15 -l)K,.\ ;!lid J"
Page 272:
1:igurr 4.22 Sui~lllcrn :III:II!s~$
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