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Venkatachalam, P., Klshor, P.B.K., Jayabala~i. N., (1997) I11gh frequency sonlatic enibryoge~iesis and effic~e~it pla~~t regelisration tiom liypocotyl oxpla~~ts 01' groundiiut (Arucliis liy/)ogcirt~ L.), Cirrre~ir Sc,ie~icr, 72: 171.275. Venkatachalaiii. P.. Geetlia. N., J~yabalnii S;~~.ava~labobu. N., Sic;\. L.. (1')')X) Agrobac/eriii~~i-iiied~i~ted gelletic tnnsfur~il;~t~o~i of g~ou~idill~t (,Iror.l~i~ 1uy10gti~ci L.): All assessmelit of tl~ctors :~fli.cting regenc~.;ltioii ot't~.;~~isgc~lic ~I:III~s. Joiir~i~rl i!/ Plri~rr I(aec1i~c11. I I I. 565.572. Venkatacliala~n, I'., Geetlia, N., Ablia Kii;i~idelw;~l., Sliilila. MS., S~ta. G.L.. Khandclwal, A., (2000) Agrobucieriui1i-111edii11cd genctlc ~ransl'or~iiniioi~ ;lnd regeneration of trolisgelilc ]pl;i~~ts from co~yledoii c~pl:1111s 01' grou~idii~~l (Ar~r~lii~ 11ypoyuc.u L.) vla so~iiatic e~iibrqogsncs~a, ('iirrC~ri Scie~rce, 78: 1 130-1 136 Verno~i, R.S., Broalcli, J.S., (1996) I
__-- Wa_a_s5JL(l1)96) "Yes. But Does It Work in tile Field'!" The cliallengc of tecll~lology - transfer In biologtcal conlrol, E~iiu~riuphiiy~i, 4 1 . 315.332. Waage, J.K.. Mills, D.J., (1992) B~oIog~c:~l CUIIISUI. 111 N;I~UTJ~ Eti~tllics: TIIC Popuiattoll Blology ol' Prrd:itors. I'nl-;rs~les, ittld Diseaacs. Cr;~\vley. M.J.. 1.d. Bl;lck\\ell Sctcnl~lic l'ubl~c~t~ons. Oxlbrd. W;III, Y.. Lc~naux. P.G.. (1904) tii.11cri111~11 of 1.11gc II~II~I~CI\ oI' i~l~i~~iutldut~tly t'inst'ormed fcrt~lc. b;rrlcy p1;111ts. IJloiir IJi!)s~ulug~~, I04 37-4s Wang, 1-1.. Ciltler. A.J.. (1995) Proillulcrs ti0111 kin1 and cor6.6, I\\u ,.l~.iil~iili~~)sis ilicilic~~rci low tui~~pcrnturs 2nd ABA it~ductblc genca, d~rccl s[ro~~g ~-glt~ci~rot~itl;~a~ exl)rcssloti in gt~iird CCIIS, pollen and youtig dcvelupitig scuds, I'ier~~i ,Ctolec,iricir Uioiug)! 2s: 6 19-634, Wol~g, J I1 , Rose, I< J.. Donaldso~~. U I .. (1'196) ,ly~.ob~ri,rc~.iii,,r-~~~ud~;~lctl cransfortn:~tiot~ 2nd cxprcsstotl ut' tbrcign gcncs ill Maliuigu rrir~~~oriilo, Au.srrciiir~rr Joiirricii it/ i'iri~rc Pig~siulug,: 23. 265-270. Warkctititl. T.D., McHugIlen, A,, (1091) Cro%n gall t~itlslurrnat~o~~ ul le11l11 (/.L,II.\ L.N/IIINI.~A Med~k ) \bit11 v~rulent srrai~ls of Ayrubuc~eriii~~~ lu~ricjucie~r\, l'iuirl ('el/ REPOI.IJ, 10: 489-493. Wet, ZM, Xu, Z.H., (1990) I'lanl regcncrauuil li'om prutoplusta US Itnnlalure cotyledons oi'L-'i)ci~ie ~ojo Sieb. et Succ., Plii~~tSi ir~ite, 70. 101-104. Weeds, J T., Anderson, O.D., Blcchl, A.E., (1993) Kapid Productton ol' niulttple independent Itnes offertile transgcnlc wheat (PIII~IIII ue\iivrrm), lJlunc l'iiy.sioluyv, 102: 1077-1083.
Page 1:
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF Cicer ari
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Certificate Ger/$ed /La/ /Ae eldire
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I deem il as a great pleastire to e
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CONTENTS ABBREVIAI'IONS SUMMARY LIS
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3.2.2.3 Shoot elongat~on 3.2.2.4 Ro
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ABBREVIATIONS 2-il' 2-isopci~~cnpl
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frequency was observed wit11 2,4,5-
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in vitro grown plants w;is ocli~eve
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LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Pr~~iier c
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Table 4.1 1 Effect ul'age uf lhe ex
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Figure 4.1 A - D inducl~on of sonla
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Figure 4.9 A - C Alternative llleti
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Figure 4.15 A, B Restriction analys
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Figure 4.20 A, B DNA profile of gen
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1'1.0 INTRODUCTION L~fe is the ter~
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them. About 10% of the Earth's land
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observations GkI Shull's experiment
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(Nene and Haware, 1980). The legume
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jf.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Large par
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plants from them enlhuscd scientist
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introduction into protoplasts using
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evident by 1983 that the Agrobacter
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The above promoters were found to b
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gained an illstant popi~larity owi~
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legume crop species. Cotyledon expl
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1994). Clonal propagation of FI int
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were induced to for111 callus when
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' the ernblyos into plantlets on MS
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and nprII for selection. PCR and So
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Agrobacleriuiii and ill otlier expe
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ioteclinologicsl i~iiprovemel~t of
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combinat~ons and concentrdtions of
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egenerated via somatic eliibryogene
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egenerat~on from protoplasts and ca
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transformants were identified by sy
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urgent econoniical control measures
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applications of traps. Technically
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in the laboratory and releasing tl~
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have been exhaustively reviewd (Dai
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larvae of certaln Insects were unab
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3.1 Pl:~nt 111nteri:il sllrl cultur
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0.5. 2.0 and 5.0 pM were added. 111
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Lec!/i?is: Young anci juve~iile lea
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AM3 explant: This was a by-product
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PM) 2nd GAJ (2 5 PM), eltller singl
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of the plastic bag was removed rwlc
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- . -- laopropyl alcoliol ; Absolul
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The sl~des were Illell muiaited and
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6. The bupcniatant \\,I,, t,ikcli i
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5. Microcal~lers were allowed to se
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till the growtli of bacterial cells
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;I! 37 'C for 3-24 Iiours 111 d;irL
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PCN for 111cl.4 ge!iiJ: I'C'I< tbr
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4. Tliu pel \\as \r;~alicd 3 ti~iir
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4.0 RESULTS $loaf of tllc c\l~cr~~l
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These combi~iatiori sl~owed liiorc
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egeneratloll \!;IS dli'licull ;~nti
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decreased a[ cllkalinc pH \+li~le 1
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either side of'bws;tl portiol~ oill
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IBA sl~owed bro\\~~i~~g i~lld de:~l
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humidity uf 50% 111 the dayrinie a1
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4.2 Histological studies ~II nlultl
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sliowetl no liirtlie~ yrowlli Tllc
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Conlirmntioll of plllati!e t~.~ll~a
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5.0 DISCUSSION During tile la31 dcc
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leatlets (Dilieshkuniar er al.. 109
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used with an add111ou;ll care :u~d
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tissue to regenerate illto lesser i
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prololigcd culture on TUL sho\\~d 1
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exceed 5 cni Icngtl~. Loiigcr shoot
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stem and lravca Secol~d;lrq ~'IIICI
Page 146 and 147: arnplitication of the sopccIi\i. 90
Page 148 and 149: Explant Preparation -Geminate seeds
Page 150 and 151: 6.0 REFERENCES Adkins, A.L.. Godwin
Page 152 and 153: Avenido, R.A., Hattori, I
Page 154 and 155: Benfey, P.N., Chua, N.1-I., Ilcgiii
Page 156 and 157: Cnrvalho. IC1.H C dc , Uui Vat1 LC
Page 158 and 159: Chu, P.W.G., Andersoli. B.J., Khan.
Page 160 and 161: Deblaere, R., Reyneerts, A., Hotte,
Page 162 and 163: Drun~mond, M.H., Gordoil. M.P., Nes
Page 164 and 165: Foster, J.G., Coulombe, B.A., Van S
Page 166 and 167: Gill, R., Saxstla, I'.K., (1992) Di
Page 168 and 169: Hess, D., (1970) Versueche zur tran
Page 170 and 171: Hopkinson, M.J. ;md Collins, I1.M.,
Page 172 and 173: Karthikeyan, A.S., Sarina, K.S., Ve
Page 174 and 175: Krens, F.A., Molendijk, L., L., Wul
Page 176 and 177: Li, Z.Y., Tanner, G.J., Larkin. P.J
Page 178 and 179: Maxan~, A.M., Gilbert, W., (1977) A
Page 180 and 181: field conditions. Procc.rdbigs o/Na
Page 182 and 183: Ohara, A., Akasako, Y., Daimon, H.,
Page 184 and 185: llechrnlics sur les prnidilies des
Page 186 and 187: Rand, G.M. (Ed.) (1995) Ftordir~~rc
Page 188 and 189: Richardson, M.J., (199 I ) Seed sto
Page 190 and 191: Sarria, R., Calderon, A., Thro, A.M
Page 192 and 193: Shri, P.V., Davls, T.M., (1992) Zen
Page 194 and 195: Tegeder, M. Koli~i, I-I., Nibbbe, M
Page 198 and 199: Winans, S.C., (1992) Tiyo way chemi
Page 200 and 201: 1 APPENDIX 1. hIURASRICE AND SI(SO)
Page 203 and 204: Table 4.1 Induction of sorrlalic er
Page 205 and 206: Table 4.3 111ducti011 of en~bryos O
Page 208 and 209: 'Table 4.6 Dificrent combinations o
Page 210 and 211: Table 4.8 Effect oI'TDZ, 2-iP :~nd
Page 212 and 213: Table 4.10 Effect of i~lclusio~~ or
Page 214 and 215: Table 4.12 Induction of multiple sh
Page 216 and 217: Table 4.14 Effect of media constitu
Page 218: Figure 3.1 Dii~gralll~l~i~tic rcpre
Page 222: Figure 3.3 A - C Diagrn~nn~atic rep
Page 225 and 226: I . Nhu 1 51 ?C,%- .pal5125 &pa1512
Page 228: I
Page 232: Induction of somatic embryos from m
Page 238: I.iy111. J.5 SI:i;i.\ iil ~ ~ l ~ ~
Page 254:
IIistologic:~l stutlic\ of dcveiopr
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Rc\[ricfiot~ ;111;1l)si\ ur ill? ~
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I'C'R :~llipLiiir:iriuil 01'700 bl)
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Fixi1r.c 17 \r:15 -l)K,.\ ;!lid J"
Page 272:
1:igurr 4.22 Sui~lllcrn :III:II!s~$
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