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organogenesis rather than somatic embryogenesis, with leaves and stems developing
directly on the callus surface (Vie~ra et al., 1990). Protoplasts were isolated from epicotyls
and shoot tips of Vicin ~tiirboriersis etiolated seedl~ngs. They developed into plantlets vla
somatic e~nbryogenic pathway when cultured on less auxin medium, arid via organogenic
pathway when cultured on TDZ contai1111ig medium (Tegeder et al., 1996).
Cotylcdotlary explants of Sesba~~~o grci~itlifilicr were irrad~ated with ganlnia rays for
callus growth and regeneralion. Cytoge~iet~c studies showed dist~ilct cliro~~iosomal
aberrations (Sinlia and Mall~ck, 1993). Enhanced shoot regeneration was observed us~ng
homogenized callus oELoius cort~iculaius (Orsbinsky et al., 1983).
2.2.2.4 Genetic translormatioo
4'
Agrobocieriir~n-mrdiated traiistbrniation: A rapid and reproduc~ble protocol for
transformat~on of Lorirs cornicirlaius by using cinilamyl-alcolid dehydroge~iase (CAD)
was developed for the purpose of Iignin reduct~on. The transgenics were confirnled by llie
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and CAD activity. The gene was derived fro111 Amliu
cordura (Akashi et al., 1998). Tllrec cultivars of Medicc~go surivu and one cultivar of
Onobtycl~is viciijoliu were evaluated for their response to inoculation witli A, rliizoget~es
strain A4T (containing pRiA4b). A cultivar-dependent response was observed in M. suiivu
with 94%, 25%, and 4% of infected stem explants producirlg transfornled roots in the
cultivars Vertus, Rcgen-S, and Rangelander, respect~vely. In 0, vrciqoliu cv. Hampshire
Giant, an cxplant-dependent respolise was observed with 78% and 50% of seedling
cotyledon and hypocotyl explants responding, respectively (Golds et al., 1991). An
accession-dependent genetic transfornlation was observed when Glycine cunescens and
Glycine clarrdes~it~u were transformed with A, rllizogenes (Rech et al., 1988).
The