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6.0 REFERENCES Adkins, A.L.. Godwin, I.D., Adkins, S.W., (1995) All efictent regeneration system for Australian grown chickpea. (Cicer arielirrr~~~i) cultivars. A~islr(rlia~r Jo~irnal 01 Boiany, 43:49 1 - 497. Akasaka, Y., Daimon, H., Mii, M., (2000) l~iiproved plant regeneration fioni culturcd leaf segments in peanut (Arocl~is irypogcirci L.) by limited exposure to tlltdinzuron. Plunl Sciellcr. 156: 169- 175. Akashi, R.. Kawamuro, O., Hoffi~iall~l, F., (1998) Tlic advance of transfur~i~alloii ill Lotus conliculalus: to\vards low-lig~liti pns1Lii.e tllrougli ailtiscnsr I1NA. Utilization of transgenic plant aiid getlonie analysis in forage crops. Proceedi~lgs of ci~i b~ierriulio~~al u~orksliop Arid 01 lire "Vuliu~~crl C;r.ussltri~d Keseu~.ck I~rsriru~e, Nisiibrus~i~~o, Tocl~igi, Jripulr, 57-65. Ali, A.H.N., Jarvis, U.C.. (1988) Eff'ects of 2,3,5-triiodube~~zuic acid on tllc regeneration of callus and adve~ltttious roots on sten1 cuttitlgs of iiiu~ig bean, Phaseoilis alrreris Roxb. Biuche~~r Plrysiol PfIatiz 183:509-5 13. Alm, S.R., Yeh, T., Canipo, M.L., Dawson, C.G., Jenkins, E.B., Simeoni, A.E., (1994) Modified Trap Designs and He~ghts for lncreascd Capture of Japanese Beetlc Adults (Coleoptera: Scarabacidae), Jourriui oj"Ecor~o~~iic E~iiorrluloyv, 87: 775-780 Altieri, M.A., (1994) Biodiversi~y aad Pe~t Ma~~rrge~neni in Ayroecosyste~ris. hod Products Press, Newyork, pp. 185 Altieri, M.A., Nicholls, C.I., (1999) Uiodiverslty, Ecosystem function, and pest management in agricultural systems. In: Biodiversity in Agroecosy.sle~trs. CKC Press, Boca Haran, 69-84.
Altieri, M.A., Whitcomb., (1980) Weed n~anipulation for insect pest n~nnagen~cnt III corn, Environt~~et~mi Mrinnget~iett/ 4: 483-489. Al-yahyaee, S.A.S., Ellar, D.J.. (1995) Maximal tonicity of clo~ied CytA S-endotoxill froill Uricillirs rlirrri~iyioiesi~ subsp. i.srricle~isis requires proteulytic processi~~g lioll~ both thc N- and C- tcrnllnl. ,Vficrobiologl~, 14 1 : 3 14 1-3 148. Angeloni, P.N., Rey. H.Y., Mroginsk~, L.A., (1992) Regenernti011 of plants fron~ callus t~sauc ul'll~c p;~st~~sc ICSLIIII~ 521. ('i~~il~~o.~orirr 61rr.~ilitr1i11r1i, l'l~r~i~ C'i,il I{t,/)ilo~./.>, I 1. 5 1')- Al~jun~an:il.a, K., Il:~dillzz:~lnan, S., Jallat~, hl.A.tZ., Hossnin, M.T., Khatull, A,, Hadiuzzaman, S., (1998) In vitro direct and indirect ~ui~ltiple shoot regeneration ill PsopIioccr,piir t~.irngo~ioloDrrs (L). DC, wil~ged bean. Bri~~gla(lesli Joirrnul uj Scietlrijic (inti Itld~isrriai Research, 33: 449-453. Arcioni, S., Mariotti, D., Pezzotti. M., (1985) Hedy~rir~r~~~ corotiuriuni L. in vitro conditions for plant scgcr~eration fr0111 pro~oplasts :III~ callus of vi~rious explnnts. Joirrnol oj'Platii Pii~rioiog~, 12 1: 141 - 148. Armitage, P., {L'i~lden, R., Draper, J., (1988) Vcctors for transformation ot' plant cclls using dgrob~irirriirt~r. In: Plutri Gelicric Triinsjbrt~rn!iott (ittd Gore Erpresvioti (Orupel., J., Scoii, II , An~riirige, P. Eds.) Bliick~vell Sci. PirD., O?rJurd, pp. 1-67. Arnon, D.I., (1938) Microelements in culture sulutioli experiment with higher plants. A~iiericat~ Jourtiul ofBotniiy, 25:322 - 325. Arundhati, A,, Agrobocreriirnl-mediated trunsfurnlation of pigeo~lpea (Ciljrmus ccljun L. -. Millsp.) by using luaf d~sks. Inierticitio~~ai Ciiickpcu rind Pigeo~~pcu New.slcller. (1999) 6: 62-64
Page 1:
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF Cicer ari
Page 4 and 5:
Certificate Ger/$ed /La/ /Ae eldire
Page 6 and 7:
I deem il as a great pleastire to e
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CONTENTS ABBREVIAI'IONS SUMMARY LIS
Page 10 and 11:
3.2.2.3 Shoot elongat~on 3.2.2.4 Ro
Page 12 and 13:
ABBREVIATIONS 2-il' 2-isopci~~cnpl
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frequency was observed wit11 2,4,5-
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in vitro grown plants w;is ocli~eve
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LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Pr~~iier c
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Table 4.1 1 Effect ul'age uf lhe ex
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Figure 4.1 A - D inducl~on of sonla
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Figure 4.9 A - C Alternative llleti
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Figure 4.15 A, B Restriction analys
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Figure 4.20 A, B DNA profile of gen
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1'1.0 INTRODUCTION L~fe is the ter~
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them. About 10% of the Earth's land
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observations GkI Shull's experiment
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(Nene and Haware, 1980). The legume
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jf.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Large par
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plants from them enlhuscd scientist
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introduction into protoplasts using
Page 44 and 45:
evident by 1983 that the Agrobacter
Page 46 and 47:
The above promoters were found to b
Page 48 and 49:
gained an illstant popi~larity owi~
Page 50 and 51:
legume crop species. Cotyledon expl
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1994). Clonal propagation of FI int
Page 54 and 55:
were induced to for111 callus when
Page 56 and 57:
' the ernblyos into plantlets on MS
Page 58 and 59:
and nprII for selection. PCR and So
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Agrobacleriuiii and ill otlier expe
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ioteclinologicsl i~iiprovemel~t of
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combinat~ons and concentrdtions of
Page 66 and 67:
egenerated via somatic eliibryogene
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egenerat~on from protoplasts and ca
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transformants were identified by sy
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urgent econoniical control measures
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applications of traps. Technically
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in the laboratory and releasing tl~
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have been exhaustively reviewd (Dai
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larvae of certaln Insects were unab
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3.1 Pl:~nt 111nteri:il sllrl cultur
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0.5. 2.0 and 5.0 pM were added. 111
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Lec!/i?is: Young anci juve~iile lea
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AM3 explant: This was a by-product
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PM) 2nd GAJ (2 5 PM), eltller singl
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of the plastic bag was removed rwlc
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- . -- laopropyl alcoliol ; Absolul
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The sl~des were Illell muiaited and
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6. The bupcniatant \\,I,, t,ikcli i
Page 100 and 101: 5. Microcal~lers were allowed to se
Page 102 and 103: till the growtli of bacterial cells
Page 104 and 105: ;I! 37 'C for 3-24 Iiours 111 d;irL
Page 106 and 107: PCN for 111cl.4 ge!iiJ: I'C'I< tbr
Page 108 and 109: 4. Tliu pel \\as \r;~alicd 3 ti~iir
Page 110 and 111: 4.0 RESULTS $loaf of tllc c\l~cr~~l
Page 112 and 113: These combi~iatiori sl~owed liiorc
Page 114 and 115: egeneratloll \!;IS dli'licull ;~nti
Page 116 and 117: decreased a[ cllkalinc pH \+li~le 1
Page 118 and 119: either side of'bws;tl portiol~ oill
Page 120 and 121: IBA sl~owed bro\\~~i~~g i~lld de:~l
Page 122 and 123: humidity uf 50% 111 the dayrinie a1
Page 124 and 125: 4.2 Histological studies ~II nlultl
Page 126 and 127: sliowetl no liirtlie~ yrowlli Tllc
Page 128 and 129: Conlirmntioll of plllati!e t~.~ll~a
Page 131 and 132: 5.0 DISCUSSION During tile la31 dcc
Page 133 and 134: leatlets (Dilieshkuniar er al.. 109
Page 136 and 137: used with an add111ou;ll care :u~d
Page 138 and 139: tissue to regenerate illto lesser i
Page 140 and 141: prololigcd culture on TUL sho\\~d 1
Page 142 and 143: exceed 5 cni Icngtl~. Loiigcr shoot
Page 144 and 145: stem and lravca Secol~d;lrq ~'IIICI
Page 146 and 147: arnplitication of the sopccIi\i. 90
Page 148 and 149: Explant Preparation -Geminate seeds
Page 152 and 153: Avenido, R.A., Hattori, I
Page 154 and 155: Benfey, P.N., Chua, N.1-I., Ilcgiii
Page 156 and 157: Cnrvalho. IC1.H C dc , Uui Vat1 LC
Page 158 and 159: Chu, P.W.G., Andersoli. B.J., Khan.
Page 160 and 161: Deblaere, R., Reyneerts, A., Hotte,
Page 162 and 163: Drun~mond, M.H., Gordoil. M.P., Nes
Page 164 and 165: Foster, J.G., Coulombe, B.A., Van S
Page 166 and 167: Gill, R., Saxstla, I'.K., (1992) Di
Page 168 and 169: Hess, D., (1970) Versueche zur tran
Page 170 and 171: Hopkinson, M.J. ;md Collins, I1.M.,
Page 172 and 173: Karthikeyan, A.S., Sarina, K.S., Ve
Page 174 and 175: Krens, F.A., Molendijk, L., L., Wul
Page 176 and 177: Li, Z.Y., Tanner, G.J., Larkin. P.J
Page 178 and 179: Maxan~, A.M., Gilbert, W., (1977) A
Page 180 and 181: field conditions. Procc.rdbigs o/Na
Page 182 and 183: Ohara, A., Akasako, Y., Daimon, H.,
Page 184 and 185: llechrnlics sur les prnidilies des
Page 186 and 187: Rand, G.M. (Ed.) (1995) Ftordir~~rc
Page 188 and 189: Richardson, M.J., (199 I ) Seed sto
Page 190 and 191: Sarria, R., Calderon, A., Thro, A.M
Page 192 and 193: Shri, P.V., Davls, T.M., (1992) Zen
Page 194 and 195: Tegeder, M. Koli~i, I-I., Nibbbe, M
Page 196 and 197: Venkatachalam, P., Klshor, P.B.K.,
Page 198 and 199: Winans, S.C., (1992) Tiyo way chemi
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1 APPENDIX 1. hIURASRICE AND SI(SO)
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Table 4.1 Induction of sorrlalic er
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Table 4.3 111ducti011 of en~bryos O
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'Table 4.6 Dificrent combinations o
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Table 4.8 Effect oI'TDZ, 2-iP :~nd
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Table 4.10 Effect of i~lclusio~~ or
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Table 4.12 Induction of multiple sh
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Table 4.14 Effect of media constitu
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Figure 3.1 Dii~gralll~l~i~tic rcpre
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Figure 3.3 A - C Diagrn~nn~atic rep
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I . Nhu 1 51 ?C,%- .pal5125 &pa1512
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I
Page 232:
Induction of somatic embryos from m
Page 238:
I.iy111. J.5 SI:i;i.\ iil ~ ~ l ~ ~
Page 254:
IIistologic:~l stutlic\ of dcveiopr
Page 258:
Rc\[ricfiot~ ;111;1l)si\ ur ill? ~
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I'C'R :~llipLiiir:iriuil 01'700 bl)
Page 266:
Fixi1r.c 17 \r:15 -l)K,.\ ;!lid J"
Page 272:
1:igurr 4.22 Sui~lllcrn :III:II!s~$
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