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Gill, R., Saxstla, I'.K., (1992) Direct somatic rlltbryogencsis and regcileratloll of' plants from seedling expiants of peanut (Arr~cllL Il~pogtrcc~): Iprulllotlve rule ol' th~dla~uro~i, C'o~~utiicirr Jo1rr11~1 oj'tlo~ory., 70: 1 186- 1 192. GIII, S.S., Cowels, E.A., I1letrantotlio. P.V.. (1902) Tile mode of out~o~l ul' Briiiliir~ tl~rrririgieriesis elldotoxnls, A~rrl~rcil i(r~~ie,i' of L~~currruIog~~. 37: 615-6.16. Golds, T.J , Lee, J,Y., Glluse, T,K., D;~\,cy, Ll.ltcl;~ CLI~CU~IOIII~:I~), .,l~i~rtri~ oJ'il~~l~/~e~l fliulo~', 13 1 : 133- 139. Grce~li., LA., Z;l~nbry,k~, I'.C., (1993) Agrob;~ctcrln Illatu 111 up111c tlc~is, ('rrrrc~ri Biulog~ 33. 507-509. Ciriga, >I., SIq,L;il, J.. Bcbcl-, K , C,~baclla, rl.C., (1Y1J5) Analybla of t~ssuc cultu~c- dcrivcd vi1rl;it101111 pe;~ (P~JLOII ~u/1111111 l..) - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~y rcsul~s, Lrq~/ry/ic(i, 85: 335-339, Gucrclllcoi't', A,, Ug;~ldc, I
Gulati, A., Jaiwal, P K., (1990) Culture col~ditio~ls effccling pl;iilt regeneralion liolll cotyledons of Vigiiu rudiaru (L.) W~lczei, Plaiir Cell, 7issti~, oir~i Orgai~ C'rilrirre. 23: 1-7. Gulati. A., J;llwal, P.K., (1992) In vitro induction ot' ~~l~~ltil~lc \11uots a~id pl;iiit reycneratioil tiom slloot tips of llluilg btail (l'igiicl riltli[ir[l (L ) \4'ilczeI\), lJ/(l~ir (;,I/. Ti.ssirc (11iil 01pri11 Culrrr~.e, 29: 199-205. Gurney, S.E, and Robinsoti, G.G.C.. (1080) Tlic ~nfluc~icc of two Ilcrb~cidcs UII tllc productivity, bion1;iss and cu~nnluility coillpositiorl of li.cslr \\;lter 11iars11 IICIIP~YIOII. Aqutlric Boru~iy. 36: 1-22. Ilnnlmatl, N., Davey, M.II., (1988) Apl)licnt~on of flow cytonielry to S~I~I;IIIC hybridization ol'soybenii wit11 Gi).ci~ir c,tiire~ce~is, Soybeci~i G'oiaiis Ne~+~slc~r~n. 15 48-51. ll;irdy, A.R., (1990) Eslin1;iIing CX~OSU~C 1111: ~de~llificat~u~i o1'~~)t~i~s ;I[ risk atid ~OIIICI of exposure. In: Ex/~osrirc. oJ'lJc~ric~cics UI C.1-1 Wakes (Eds) Taylor ;~nd I:~ancia, Lu~iilui~. ~pp 81 -97 7>rrc,slricil I.V1li/li/2. L. So~ilcrville ;ind Henry. K.J., l;oosllee, \V.C., (19Y0) Tllid~iiz~~ro~~ S~IIIILI~~~CS bi~bal bud :~nd sllool formation in Alocusia X Chanrrier~ Aildrc, /iorririilr~~rci/ .Scie~~c,e, 25: 124. Herrera-Estrclla, L., Depicker, A,, Van Monti~gu, M., Scllell, J.. (1083) Express~o~i of' ch~emcric genes transferred into plant cells usiilg a Ti plasmid derived vcctur, Nrirure, 287: 654-656. Hess, D., (1969) Versueche zur tra~lsfornial~oil an Iiohcrc~l pfla~ize~l: Indukl~un u~id konstante we~tergabe der antllocyansynlhcse bci Perunicr hybridu. Zei/.~cl~riJ//iicr Pjla~tzeitp/~ysruluy~~~, 60. 348-358.
Page 1:
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF Cicer ari
Page 4 and 5:
Certificate Ger/$ed /La/ /Ae eldire
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I deem il as a great pleastire to e
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CONTENTS ABBREVIAI'IONS SUMMARY LIS
Page 10 and 11:
3.2.2.3 Shoot elongat~on 3.2.2.4 Ro
Page 12 and 13:
ABBREVIATIONS 2-il' 2-isopci~~cnpl
Page 14 and 15:
frequency was observed wit11 2,4,5-
Page 16 and 17:
in vitro grown plants w;is ocli~eve
Page 18 and 19:
LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Pr~~iier c
Page 20 and 21:
Table 4.1 1 Effect ul'age uf lhe ex
Page 22 and 23:
Figure 4.1 A - D inducl~on of sonla
Page 24 and 25:
Figure 4.9 A - C Alternative llleti
Page 26 and 27:
Figure 4.15 A, B Restriction analys
Page 28 and 29:
Figure 4.20 A, B DNA profile of gen
Page 30 and 31:
1'1.0 INTRODUCTION L~fe is the ter~
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them. About 10% of the Earth's land
Page 34 and 35:
observations GkI Shull's experiment
Page 36 and 37:
(Nene and Haware, 1980). The legume
Page 38 and 39:
jf.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Large par
Page 40 and 41:
plants from them enlhuscd scientist
Page 42 and 43:
introduction into protoplasts using
Page 44 and 45:
evident by 1983 that the Agrobacter
Page 46 and 47:
The above promoters were found to b
Page 48 and 49:
gained an illstant popi~larity owi~
Page 50 and 51:
legume crop species. Cotyledon expl
Page 52 and 53:
1994). Clonal propagation of FI int
Page 54 and 55:
were induced to for111 callus when
Page 56 and 57:
' the ernblyos into plantlets on MS
Page 58 and 59:
and nprII for selection. PCR and So
Page 60 and 61:
Agrobacleriuiii and ill otlier expe
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ioteclinologicsl i~iiprovemel~t of
Page 64 and 65:
combinat~ons and concentrdtions of
Page 66 and 67:
egenerated via somatic eliibryogene
Page 68 and 69:
egenerat~on from protoplasts and ca
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transformants were identified by sy
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urgent econoniical control measures
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applications of traps. Technically
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in the laboratory and releasing tl~
Page 78 and 79:
have been exhaustively reviewd (Dai
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larvae of certaln Insects were unab
Page 82 and 83:
3.1 Pl:~nt 111nteri:il sllrl cultur
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0.5. 2.0 and 5.0 pM were added. 111
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Lec!/i?is: Young anci juve~iile lea
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AM3 explant: This was a by-product
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PM) 2nd GAJ (2 5 PM), eltller singl
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of the plastic bag was removed rwlc
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- . -- laopropyl alcoliol ; Absolul
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The sl~des were Illell muiaited and
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6. The bupcniatant \\,I,, t,ikcli i
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5. Microcal~lers were allowed to se
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till the growtli of bacterial cells
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;I! 37 'C for 3-24 Iiours 111 d;irL
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PCN for 111cl.4 ge!iiJ: I'C'I< tbr
Page 108 and 109:
4. Tliu pel \\as \r;~alicd 3 ti~iir
Page 110 and 111:
4.0 RESULTS $loaf of tllc c\l~cr~~l
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These combi~iatiori sl~owed liiorc
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egeneratloll \!;IS dli'licull ;~nti
Page 116 and 117: decreased a[ cllkalinc pH \+li~le 1
Page 118 and 119: either side of'bws;tl portiol~ oill
Page 120 and 121: IBA sl~owed bro\\~~i~~g i~lld de:~l
Page 122 and 123: humidity uf 50% 111 the dayrinie a1
Page 124 and 125: 4.2 Histological studies ~II nlultl
Page 126 and 127: sliowetl no liirtlie~ yrowlli Tllc
Page 128 and 129: Conlirmntioll of plllati!e t~.~ll~a
Page 131 and 132: 5.0 DISCUSSION During tile la31 dcc
Page 133 and 134: leatlets (Dilieshkuniar er al.. 109
Page 136 and 137: used with an add111ou;ll care :u~d
Page 138 and 139: tissue to regenerate illto lesser i
Page 140 and 141: prololigcd culture on TUL sho\\~d 1
Page 142 and 143: exceed 5 cni Icngtl~. Loiigcr shoot
Page 144 and 145: stem and lravca Secol~d;lrq ~'IIICI
Page 146 and 147: arnplitication of the sopccIi\i. 90
Page 148 and 149: Explant Preparation -Geminate seeds
Page 150 and 151: 6.0 REFERENCES Adkins, A.L.. Godwin
Page 152 and 153: Avenido, R.A., Hattori, I
Page 154 and 155: Benfey, P.N., Chua, N.1-I., Ilcgiii
Page 156 and 157: Cnrvalho. IC1.H C dc , Uui Vat1 LC
Page 158 and 159: Chu, P.W.G., Andersoli. B.J., Khan.
Page 160 and 161: Deblaere, R., Reyneerts, A., Hotte,
Page 162 and 163: Drun~mond, M.H., Gordoil. M.P., Nes
Page 164 and 165: Foster, J.G., Coulombe, B.A., Van S
Page 168 and 169: Hess, D., (1970) Versueche zur tran
Page 170 and 171: Hopkinson, M.J. ;md Collins, I1.M.,
Page 172 and 173: Karthikeyan, A.S., Sarina, K.S., Ve
Page 174 and 175: Krens, F.A., Molendijk, L., L., Wul
Page 176 and 177: Li, Z.Y., Tanner, G.J., Larkin. P.J
Page 178 and 179: Maxan~, A.M., Gilbert, W., (1977) A
Page 180 and 181: field conditions. Procc.rdbigs o/Na
Page 182 and 183: Ohara, A., Akasako, Y., Daimon, H.,
Page 184 and 185: llechrnlics sur les prnidilies des
Page 186 and 187: Rand, G.M. (Ed.) (1995) Ftordir~~rc
Page 188 and 189: Richardson, M.J., (199 I ) Seed sto
Page 190 and 191: Sarria, R., Calderon, A., Thro, A.M
Page 192 and 193: Shri, P.V., Davls, T.M., (1992) Zen
Page 194 and 195: Tegeder, M. Koli~i, I-I., Nibbbe, M
Page 196 and 197: Venkatachalam, P., Klshor, P.B.K.,
Page 198 and 199: Winans, S.C., (1992) Tiyo way chemi
Page 200 and 201: 1 APPENDIX 1. hIURASRICE AND SI(SO)
Page 203 and 204: Table 4.1 Induction of sorrlalic er
Page 205 and 206: Table 4.3 111ducti011 of en~bryos O
Page 208 and 209: 'Table 4.6 Dificrent combinations o
Page 210 and 211: Table 4.8 Effect oI'TDZ, 2-iP :~nd
Page 212 and 213: Table 4.10 Effect of i~lclusio~~ or
Page 214 and 215: Table 4.12 Induction of multiple sh
Page 216 and 217:
Table 4.14 Effect of media constitu
Page 218:
Figure 3.1 Dii~gralll~l~i~tic rcpre
Page 222:
Figure 3.3 A - C Diagrn~nn~atic rep
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I . Nhu 1 51 ?C,%- .pal5125 &pa1512
Page 228:
I
Page 232:
Induction of somatic embryos from m
Page 238:
I.iy111. J.5 SI:i;i.\ iil ~ ~ l ~ ~
Page 254:
IIistologic:~l stutlic\ of dcveiopr
Page 258:
Rc\[ricfiot~ ;111;1l)si\ ur ill? ~
Page 262:
I'C'R :~llipLiiir:iriuil 01'700 bl)
Page 266:
Fixi1r.c 17 \r:15 -l)K,.\ ;!lid J"
Page 272:
1:igurr 4.22 Sui~lllcrn :III:II!s~$
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