Download (26Mb) - OAR@ICRISAT

urgent econoniical control measures. Many of tlie crop varieties developed in the past 30
years were high yielders, but had poor storage characteristics (Kerin, 1994), Insect pests
are capable of evolving to biotypes that can adapt to new situations; for instance, they
overcome the effect of toxic materials or bypass iiatural or artific~al plant reslstance, w111ch
fu~ther confounds the problem (Rousli and McKennc. 1987). An iiltegrated pest
nianagenient (IPM) prograni, con~pris~ng a combination of practices including tlie
judicious use of pcstic~des, crop rot~t~on, lield sanitation :ind abovc all ex]>loitation oi'
~nherently resistaiit plant varletles would prov~de the best option (Meiners arid Eldcn,
1978). The last option includes the use of transgenic crops, expressing foreign insecticidal
genes, which could ~iiake a significant contribi~tion to sustailinble agriculture and tllus
could be an impo~tant coniponent of IPM.
Insect reslstance nlanagelilent is iiot a concept evolved from a single method of
operation, but a11 integrated approach, as opined by niany others. Classification of
methodologies has taken a different turn with advcnt of bioteclinology. Biotechnological
control conceptually is a part of biological control nietliod, however, separated itself from
other methods owing to vast literature and logical base it has acquired. Hence this sectlon
describes all the tliethods other than biotechnology, which have been an integral part of
Integrated Pest Manage~nent
2.3.lJEcological
control:
This is a strategy in which various methods are employed. It is somewhat similar to
the "biointensive" control described by Frisbie and Smith (1991) that rely mostly on