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MEDIA LITERACY AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE Strategies, Debates and Good Practices no puede consistir en hacer que los alumnos se sientan culpables de lo que les gusta.” Accordingly, we investigate the element of soung as it interferes with the reception of an audiovisual message within the group of deaf students, prioritizing their tastes and comfort generated by the sound. 4. Theoretical hypotheses Sound has always been considered in regard to its communicative aspect. However, before transmitting information, it resonates not only on the tympanum but also the body, chairs, tables, etc. This vibration is our focus on experimentations about the effect of sound vibrations on non-hearing people when confronted with an audiovisual message. It is necessary to explain that we have acted on a proposal for an informal film training for the deaf. The project is based on a perspective of empowerment for deaf people who wish to have access to film as an art and expression form. During classes, we have been experimenting with overseeing students in the process of audiovisual reception of the movies shown. This context has motivated us to develop hypotheses that may cause an expansion of what is known within this area. 4.1. Sound before everything: vibrations Sound can be defined as a longitudinal mechanical wave that propagates through an elastic medium. This wave causes the vibration of all surfaces within its reach. The vibration level is a function of the intensity and frequency of the sound. If the intensity rises, vibration becomes more important. Low frequencies cause stronger vibration than high frequencies. The audible sound range goes from 20Hz to 20,000Hz for the medium listener (Hugonnet & Walder: 2006). This range is shortened by age or pathological factors and may even be inexistent for some deaf, as is the case of some of our subjects. Sonant sources, however, do not generate audible sound only. There are infrasounds lower than 20 Hz that are audible for some animals (dogs and cats, for instance) that can feel infrasound vibrations during earthquakes, and act as alarms for seismic active regions (Leipp: 2010). Sometimes audiovisual professionals cut off part of the frequency range to the detriment of other sound information or to eliminate undesired sounds. On film and music, we must avoid limiting the sound range to what is audible only. Vibrations may not benefit the hearing but, besides communicating information, sound communicates emotion as well. Low frequencies range from 20Hz -110Hz, medium frequencies from 110 to 1760 Hz and high frequencies 1760Hz-20,000Hz.Lower frequencies generate more vibration that higher frequencies. On clubs, the vibration effect is desired and translates into an increase on the lower frequencies. We can better understand why during recording the studios demand complete silence, as when they shoot a scene. This track that will be part of the film will bear the responsibility of filling in the soundtrack with a background entirely of sound including non-audible sound, of which it has a wealth of to enhance reception. 133
MEDIA LITERACY AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE Strategies, Debates and Good Practices Picture 1.A sound wave Important: Sound is constituted of many waves of different characteristics, making up a wave cloud. This multiplicity of variable waves causes different effects. Volume can be translated as hearing level. Pitch is the subjective magnitude and refers to the high or low quality of a sound. Timbre (tone) is what allows for the distinction between sounds. Sound vibrations, either musical or not, reach our body and, with some attention, we can feel those vibrations. As it strikes the tympanum, a low sound makes an impact that is not, however, local” skin and tissues also react to sound vibrations. This resonance can be more or less important depending on the other characteristics of sound: its volume, pitch and timbre 1 . 4.2. Hypothesis 2: compensation The human being, as well as most animals, cannot survive without the eye-ear set. The ear is by far the most important, as defends Emile Leipp (2010). Hearingcovers the whole area where the subject stands. Leipp states that the ears first perceive danger and only afterwards does sight capture and evaluate 1 Experiment on the vibrational effect of sound: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-_PV1Ib1jI 134
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