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MEDIA LITERACY AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE Strategies, Debates and Good Practices news, there was particular concern on focus on the news where children were the protagonists. Based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in particular on information rights (articles 13 and 17), the authors consider that, in Portugal, although there is concern about the recognition of children as subjects of rights, in practice, there is still no effective implementation of them. According to the results, 55.9% of children said that they read usually newspapers. The portuguese newspaper A Bola was primarily referenced by boys, while girls chose mainly Correio da Manhã. Although fewer children have answered the question about how to read the news reports, most of them do it with company. Girls said they read more news, talking about what they read with parents, siblings or other relatives. Television stills to be very present in daily life of children, who reported that this médium is present in the bedroom. With regard to news information, most children showed interest by the news. In reasons to like it, those states "because they talk about children" and "because they say interesting things". Moreover, they do not like when the stories are bored or upset. 16% of the children like to watch TV news and only four children are forbidden by their parents, to see it. Contrary to the results observed in the case of newspapers, most children prefer to talk about the news with parents and siblings. Although, in general, there are no substantial differences with regard to gender, girls talk more about what they see and read, and their answers are more diverse, when compared to boys. Internationally, we highlight the work done by both teachers and researchers, as David Buckingham, Professor of Media and Communications in the School of Social Sciences at Loughborough University, or by institutions like the Centre de Liaison de l`Enseignement et des Médias d`Information (CLEMI), in France, or the Media Awareness Network (Mnet), in Canadá. Authored by David Buckingham (2000), the book The Making of Citizens had as central concern to rethink how the understanding of politics is done in contemporary societies, as well as the link between young people and the perceptions they create around themselves as citizens. For the author, the media hold a key role in society, as vehicles of information that citizens depend, establishing itself as a gateway to the public sphere and political debate. According to the results, the author emphasizes the apparent lack of interest and alienation on the news, especially when they talk about political issues. There is, also, a lack of enthusiasm in talking about it. For Buckingham, young people watch the news, but that does not mean they like to do so, since it is a way to occupy their free time, or as a result of the insistence of the parents. 193
MEDIA LITERACY AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE Strategies, Debates and Good Practices Overall, the news are considered repetitive and unattractive, although for some of these young people attend them is a sign of maturity. This position was more evident in older students, though not always explicitly. And while the boys showed greater interest political issues, the girls were concerned primarily with environmental and climate issues. In turn, the news continues to be connoted as something that has credibility, young people continue to trust them to get information about the world. Although Buckingham consider, in the case of television news, that they create the illusion of being informed, the studies suggest that these lead to a sense of belonging and stability. In conclusion, Buckingham says that the common idea that children are cynical and apathetic in the face of news is a symptom denoting the need for more innovation in content, in order to capture the interest of youngsters. With regard to television and the content it produces, the author believes it is important to look at how producers position their audiences, because, in relation to the children, they should look at them as citizens and potential participants of the public sphere. 4. Methodology This work is the result of a qualitative research framework, with a class of 15 children (8 girls, 7 boys), aged 9 and 10 years old, from a public school located in Oporto disctrit. The main objective was to see, from the look of the children themselves, what kind of understanding they creat around news, putting them in a perspective of receptors, producers and evaluators of news discourse. We assume that children are active right subjects, with power to engage in the affairs of everyday life, creating views expressed freely and in conjunction with their maturity. Methodologically, we used a registration tool. So we asked the group to develop a short text for each of three specific issues: What is information? If you were a journalist, what choises would you do? How do you assess the information? The choice of these issues stemmed from the need for children to talk about the news, showing the role and place of information in their daily lives. It was a reflection free, so from the outset, we clarify that there would be no right or wrong answers. Contrary to what is usual, the answers were developed in children’s homes, although we have made contact with the class and presented the aim of the research in the classroom environment. This is because, during the weekend, we wanted to give children freedom to write the texts and arouse curiosity for news, so they were more attentive to the current affairs. 194
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