Territorial Review Copenhagen - Region Hovedstaden

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10 experiencing severe pressures on capacity and from wages rising much faster than warranted by productivity growth. 2. Average innovation capacity. Copenhagen scores only average on several indicators for innovation, such as research and development spending, patents per inhabitant and share of the population working in the high-tech and medium high-tech sectors. Copenhagen registered around 400 patents per million of its working population; half the figure for Stockholm and a third of the number for Munich. In Helsinki and Stockholm, between 7% and 8% of university students are pursuing doctoral degrees; for the Capital Region, the figure is only 3%. A strategic vision is needed... Dealing with these issues calls for a common strategic vision. Several strategic documents exist for Copenhagen, such as the City Development Strategy, the Business Development Strategy of the Growth Forum of the Capital Region and the Regional Development Plan of the Capital Region. Although these plans do not entail any outright contradictions, they do not provide clear priorities on how to sharpen Copenhagen‘s competitiveness. The processes leading up to the elaboration of these plans have increased the involvement of strategic actors, but the plans‘ relative lack of focus is a missed opportunity to sound the sense of urgency that is needed to mobilise more support in the effort. The national government could play a key part in formulating a strategic policy, considering its important role in many of the areas crucial for Copenhagen‘s competitiveness. …that could be based on four main areas for action A well-rounded strategy could be articulated by the three tiers of government around four main objectives. The first two would directly address the issues of productivity and output capacity, and would consist in 1) increasing the availability of skills and 2) fostering innovation and research. The appeal of Copenhagen as a location to live and work could also be improved by 3) upgrading infrastructure and housing supply and cultivating a better environment. Finally, 4) governance provisions for implementing economic development could be strengthened.
11 The lack of skill is of paramount concern… The scarcity of available skills in Copenhagen can be explained by four main factors. First, the population‘s level of attainment in higher education is average in Copenhagen by comparison with many U.S. and Nordic cities, for example Boston, San Francisco, Stockholm and Helsinki. The main reason for this score lies in Denmark‘s high dropout rates. Projections show that without policy changes, around 95% of the students in Denmark leaving primary school in 2005 will start secondary education, but that only 79% will complete it. Only 48% will have completed tertiary education by 2030, and less than 30% will have completed a vocational degree. Second, the late entry of students into the labour market is an issue. Among OECD countries, Denmark‘s workers are the oldest at the time they enter the labour market. Students take extended breaks between secondary and tertiary education, and generous student grants create incentives to prolong their studies once they have started. The median age for starting tertiary education in Denmark is around 23 years, one of the highest in the OECD. Around 40% are still enrolled in tertiary education six years later. This reduces a worker‘s life-time earnings, leaving fewer years to practise the acquired skills in the labour market, and much of this loss is carried by public finances through foregone tax revenue. Third, the existing foreign labour force is under-utilised. The figures for aggregate employment of immigrants in Denmark are low. Employment rates for native-born Danes stood at around 78% in 2005, as compared with 56% among the foreign-born, and 51% for the foreign-born from non-OECD countries. In few other OECD countries is the disparity between employment rates for immigrants and the native-born, across all education levels, as high as in Denmark. Although immigrants in Denmark are less highly educated than the native population, their rates of qualification do not appear to be any lower than those in other countries. The gap in employment rates between highly skilled nativeborn and foreign-born workers is even higher (19%) than the gap for low- (15%) and medium-skilled workers (15%). This is particularly challenging for Copenhagen, where most of the immigrants are located and where labour market scarcity is most acute. Immigrants could increase their educational attainment if efforts to reduce the dropout rate in secondary education were intensified.
Page 1 and 2: Territorial Review Copenhagen Preli
Page 3 and 4: 3 Acknowledgements This Review was
Page 5 and 6: 5 Table of contents Chapter 1: The
Page 7 and 8: 7 Assessment and Recommendations Co
Page 9: 9 Its international ranking is mixe
Page 13 and 14: 13 qualifications of immigrants and
Page 15 and 16: 15 more than twice average full-tim
Page 17 and 18: 17 Commercialisation of research co
Page 19 and 20: 19 surpassed only by Spain and Swed
Page 21 and 22: 21 in the suburban periphery, while
Page 23 and 24: 23 emissions by 25% since 1990 and
Page 25 and 26: 25 and the other municipalities in
Page 27 and 28: 27 instruments at its disposal. A s
Page 29 and 30: 29 Chapter 1: The competitiveness o
Page 31 and 32: 31 Figure 1.2. Map of Copenhagen an
Page 33 and 34: 33 other areas in Denmark are more
Page 35 and 36: 35 Figure 1.5. Map of Copenhagen an
Page 37 and 38: 37 Figure 1.7. Regional GDP in % of
Page 39 and 40: 39 Copenhagen plays a crucial role
Page 41 and 42: 41 Figure 1.8. Monthly unemployment
Page 43 and 44: 43 Figure 1.10. Co-patents between
Page 45 and 46: 45 Table 1.4. Employment and value-
Page 47 and 48: 47 Table 1.6. Overview of studies o
Page 49 and 50: 49 capital. As Table 1.7 shows, the
Page 51 and 52: Rank Total Accounting Advertising F
Page 53 and 54: 53 Potential of a more integrated
Page 55 and 56: 55 Figure 1.12. Economic growth in
Page 57 and 58: 57 If a broader definition of econo
Page 59 and 60: 59 …but is only moderately succes
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61 Region. The variation in tertiar
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63 Education and skills Education o
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65 Øresund as part of the solution
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67 Under-utilisation of immigrants
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69 Figure 1.18. Share of foreign-bo
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71 the countries that attract the m
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73 both the public and private sect
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75 figures in the THES rankings of
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77 (FORA, 2008). This is in line wi
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79 most other OECD countries (OECD,
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81 Several OECD countries score bet
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83 fewest procedures in the world f
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85 recorded in the OECD (OECD, 1999
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87 50 000 population; New Zealand:
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89 ensuring that these 38 000 dwell
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91 progress has been made - the lev
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93 the region‘s groundwater aquif
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95 rising sea levels (which could r
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Car theft per 1000 inhabitants (200
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99 challenges, such as delays and c
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101 Figure 1.34. Congestion in sele
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immigrants and students, who enter
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105 8 Copenhagen metropolitan regio
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107 ranking rates 200 universities
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109 32 One notable exception is the
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111 44 Københavns Energi (Copenhag
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114 governments and the majority of
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116 main challenges for the region
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118 Box 2.1. Economic linkages betw
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120 technicians. Since the Structur
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122 Figure 2.1. Denmark’s plannin
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124 by openness, quality consciousn
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126 2.3 Skills policies Recent labo
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128 exams. This system gives univer
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130 municipality, which in principl
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132 intention of developing and spr
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134 highly skilled migrants. Such p
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136 the effectiveness of innovation
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138 they suggest that exploratory r
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140 bureaucratic. First-tier fundin
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142 The priority on high-growth ent
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144 Creative entrepreneurship Preli
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146 therefore be targeted at these
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148 A current constraint in busines
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150 2009 will provide some first in
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152 Box 2.4. Ørestad development-I
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154 dealing with the expected incre
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156 but it does not have clear prio
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158 In designing a detailed scheme
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160 of demand management tool in th
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162 elasticity of short-distance lo
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164 bridge construction but for stu
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166 The consequence of the Fehmarn
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168 Local and national housing poli
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170 increased by approximately 40%
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172 disproportionately affected. Th
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174 in Denmark (Andersen, 2008). Mu
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176 Given the diversity of the buil
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178 them from implementing more pro
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180 guidelines in the forthcoming C
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182 A wide range of environmental i
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184 Denmark's National Board of Hea
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186 conditions, and natural ventila
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188 mandated to integrate respect f
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190 with a further EUR 220 million
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192 inter-linkages between economic
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194 Although these national framewo
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196 schools, teachers and pedagogue
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198 17 In 1997, the average price f
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200 literature and case law that mu
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202 eco-project that will be showca
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205 Chapter 3: metropolitan governa
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207 regional level, the 16 existing
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209 and education. Expenditure for
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211 Administrative boundaries do no
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213 Figure 3.5. Dominance of the co
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215 airport, a new metro line betwe
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217 instruments, it has funds at it
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219 Box 3.3. Relations between metr
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221 Figure 3.6. Under-representatio
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223 Authority, set up to deal with
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225 providing services to other mun
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227 municipalities in Copenhagen wa
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229 3.4 Political leadership The Ci
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231 mayors; permitting only the eco
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233 While international migration m
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235 Human resources management in t
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237 developed, notably by the natio
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This governance framework poses cha
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241 Annex 1: Conceptual Framework T
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243 over 1980-2003, confirm the pre
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245 efficiency of the labour market
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247 population growth was strongly
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249 specialised places are better s
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251 trend can mainly be explained b
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253 partnerships between firms and
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255 workers. Even though relative p
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257 indicators such as GDP per capi
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259 institutional proxies of commun
Page 261 and 262:
261 Bibliography Acs, Z. and C. Arm
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263 Bikes Belong (2008), ―Bicycli
Page 265 and 266:
265 CBS (2005e), A Mapping of Danis
Page 267 and 268:
267 City of Vancouver (2007), ―Re
Page 269 and 270:
269 Demographia (2008), ―4th Annu
Page 271 and 272:
271 Faugert, S. et al. (2004), ―E
Page 273 and 274:
273 Gyourko, J. and J. Tracy (1989)
Page 275 and 276:
275 Konkurrencestyrelsen (2004), Ko
Page 277 and 278:
277 Meijiers and Romeim (2003) ―R
Page 279 and 280:
279 OECD (1996), Innovative Policie
Page 281 and 282:
281 Rappaport, J. and J. Sachs (200
Page 283 and 284:
283 Statistics Denmark (2008) ―IN
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Territorial Review Copenhagen - Region Hovedstaden

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