Territorial Review Copenhagen - Region Hovedstaden

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50 the most global cities of the world. Underlying this research is the notion that globalisation and economic restructuring have led to specialisation of economic functions, and that certain cities have managed to dominate global economic activity in certain sectors. A classic example is the finance sector, in which London, New York and Tokyo have become the prime global cities (Sassen, 1991). Although these analyses do not assess urban competitiveness per se, the global position of a city has economic relevance: global cities concentrate the activities in places where the highest value added is generated and more easily attract highly skilled foreign workers. Methods that have been used to rank global cities include the presence of the largest global firms for advanced services and their different regional offices over the different cities in the world. Copenhagen is not one of the key global cities: neither in the first tier, of London and New York, nor in the second, which include Frankfurt and Paris, nor the third tier, which includes Amsterdam, Brussels and Zurich. Copenhagen in this world city network has been described as an important ―outer‖ European city (Taylor and Derudder, 2004). Copenhagen ranks as the 47 th most globally connected city, far behind Amsterdam, Stockholm and Dublin, but before Hamburg and Munich. 14 Businesses in Copenhagen are less internationally oriented than in several other metropolitan areas in the OECD. A study of Nordic cities shows that internationally oriented industries in Copenhagen account for a slightly lower share of employment than in Stockholm, Helsinki, Oslo and Hamburg (FORA 2008). Another indication of internationally strong specialisations can also be acquired from the presence of offices of global services firms. In a ranking of the top 50 cities that have global services firms with most international offices, Copenhagen scores 47 th . In the finance and law sectors, Copenhagen is not even in the top 50. It does, however, rank in accounting (24 th ) and advertising (13 th ). Table 1.8. Presence of offices of international advanced services firms in selected OECD metropolitan regions Rank Total Accounting Advertising Finance Law 1 New York London London London New York 2 London Dusseldorf New York New York Washington, DC 3 Paris New York Brussels Hong Kong London 4 Hong Kong Paris Madrid Singapore Los Angeles 5 Tokyo Tokyo Sydney Tokyo Paris 6 Los Angeles Toronto Toronto Frankfurt San Francisco 7 Singapore Chicago Milan Paris Hong Kong 8 Frankfurt Milan Paris Zurich Brussels 9 Milan Sydney Los Angeles Sydney Moscow
Rank Total Accounting Advertising Finance Law 10 Sydney Washington, DC Singapore Madrid Tokyo 11 Brussels Atlanta Stockholm Milan Chicago 12 San Francisco Brussels Amsterdam Taipei Warsaw 13 Washington, DC Frankfurt Copenhagen Mexico City Frankfurt 14 Madrid San Francisco Istanbul Seoul Singapore 15 Toronto Amsterdam Dusseldorf Sao Paulo Miami 16 Zurich Dallas Melbourne Buenos Aires Milan 17 Moscow Hamburg Prague Jakarta Bangkok 18 Mexico City Hong Kong Sao Paulo Kuala Lumpur Budapest 19 Chicago Johannesburg Zurich Los Angeles Dallas 20 Sao Paulo Los Angeles Barcelona Moscow Prague 21 Taipei Montreal Hong Kong San Francisco Beijing 22 Bangkok Berlin Bangkok Toronto Madrid 23 Amsterdam Boston Budapest Bangkok Sydney 24 Jakarta Copenhagen Frankfurt Geneva Barcelona 25 Melbourne Madrid Mexico City Manila Boston 26 Prague Melbourne Montreal Shanghai Houston 27 Seoul Mexico City Beijing Chicago Mexico City 28 Warsaw Munich Caracas Johannesburg Rome 29 Buenos Aires Osaka Jakarta Melbourne Stockholm 30 Barcelona Seoul Manila Prague Taipei 31 Budapest Stockholm San Francisco Santiago Amsterdam 32 Dusseldorf Zurich Santiago Barcelona Istanbul 33 Miami Jakarta Seoul Caracas Jakarta 34 Santiago Rome Taipei Amsterdam Sao Paulo 35 Beijing Sao Paulo Tokyo Beijing Atlanta 36 Johannesburg Santiago Warsaw Brussels Berlin 37 Kuala Lumpur Houston Buenos Aires Houston Buenos Aires 38 Stockholm Kuala Lumpur Hamburg Warsaw Caracas 39 Manila Moscow Johannesburg Budapest Geneva 40 Caracas Singapore Kuala Lumpur Miami Manila 41 Istanbul Taipei Miami Istanbul Melbourne 42 Dallas Bangkok Moscow Montreal Minneapolis 43 Montreal Buenos Aires Shanghai Munich Santiago 44 Geneva Caracas Chicago Rome Toronto 45 Shanghai Geneva Boston Boston Zurich 46 Boston Miami Dallas Dusseldorf Dusseldorf 47 Copenhagen Minneapolis Geneva Osaka Johannesburg 48 Hamburg Barcelona Minneapolis Dallas Munich 49 Houston Beijing Munich Hamburg Shanghai 50 Rome Budapest Rome Washington, DC Source: Data from Globalisation and World Cities Research Network, Department of Geography, Loughborough University, www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/. 51
Page 1 and 2: Territorial Review Copenhagen Preli
Page 3 and 4: 3 Acknowledgements This Review was
Page 5 and 6: 5 Table of contents Chapter 1: The
Page 7 and 8: 7 Assessment and Recommendations Co
Page 9 and 10: 9 Its international ranking is mixe
Page 11 and 12: 11 The lack of skill is of paramoun
Page 13 and 14: 13 qualifications of immigrants and
Page 15 and 16: 15 more than twice average full-tim
Page 17 and 18: 17 Commercialisation of research co
Page 19 and 20: 19 surpassed only by Spain and Swed
Page 21 and 22: 21 in the suburban periphery, while
Page 23 and 24: 23 emissions by 25% since 1990 and
Page 25 and 26: 25 and the other municipalities in
Page 27 and 28: 27 instruments at its disposal. A s
Page 29 and 30: 29 Chapter 1: The competitiveness o
Page 31 and 32: 31 Figure 1.2. Map of Copenhagen an
Page 33 and 34: 33 other areas in Denmark are more
Page 35 and 36: 35 Figure 1.5. Map of Copenhagen an
Page 37 and 38: 37 Figure 1.7. Regional GDP in % of
Page 39 and 40: 39 Copenhagen plays a crucial role
Page 41 and 42: 41 Figure 1.8. Monthly unemployment
Page 43 and 44: 43 Figure 1.10. Co-patents between
Page 45 and 46: 45 Table 1.4. Employment and value-
Page 47 and 48: 47 Table 1.6. Overview of studies o
Page 49: 49 capital. As Table 1.7 shows, the
Page 53 and 54: 53 Potential of a more integrated
Page 55 and 56: 55 Figure 1.12. Economic growth in
Page 57 and 58: 57 If a broader definition of econo
Page 59 and 60: 59 …but is only moderately succes
Page 61 and 62: 61 Region. The variation in tertiar
Page 63 and 64: 63 Education and skills Education o
Page 65 and 66: 65 Øresund as part of the solution
Page 67 and 68: 67 Under-utilisation of immigrants
Page 69 and 70: 69 Figure 1.18. Share of foreign-bo
Page 71 and 72: 71 the countries that attract the m
Page 73 and 74: 73 both the public and private sect
Page 75 and 76: 75 figures in the THES rankings of
Page 77 and 78: 77 (FORA, 2008). This is in line wi
Page 79 and 80: 79 most other OECD countries (OECD,
Page 81 and 82: 81 Several OECD countries score bet
Page 83 and 84: 83 fewest procedures in the world f
Page 85 and 86: 85 recorded in the OECD (OECD, 1999
Page 87 and 88: 87 50 000 population; New Zealand:
Page 89 and 90: 89 ensuring that these 38 000 dwell
Page 91 and 92: 91 progress has been made - the lev
Page 93 and 94: 93 the region‘s groundwater aquif
Page 95 and 96: 95 rising sea levels (which could r
Page 97 and 98: Car theft per 1000 inhabitants (200
Page 99 and 100: 99 challenges, such as delays and c
Page 101 and 102:
101 Figure 1.34. Congestion in sele
Page 103 and 104:
immigrants and students, who enter
Page 105 and 106:
105 8 Copenhagen metropolitan regio
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107 ranking rates 200 universities
Page 109 and 110:
109 32 One notable exception is the
Page 111:
111 44 Københavns Energi (Copenhag
Page 114 and 115:
114 governments and the majority of
Page 116 and 117:
116 main challenges for the region
Page 118 and 119:
118 Box 2.1. Economic linkages betw
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120 technicians. Since the Structur
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122 Figure 2.1. Denmark’s plannin
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124 by openness, quality consciousn
Page 126 and 127:
126 2.3 Skills policies Recent labo
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128 exams. This system gives univer
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130 municipality, which in principl
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132 intention of developing and spr
Page 134 and 135:
134 highly skilled migrants. Such p
Page 136 and 137:
136 the effectiveness of innovation
Page 138 and 139:
138 they suggest that exploratory r
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140 bureaucratic. First-tier fundin
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142 The priority on high-growth ent
Page 144 and 145:
144 Creative entrepreneurship Preli
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146 therefore be targeted at these
Page 148 and 149:
148 A current constraint in busines
Page 150 and 151:
150 2009 will provide some first in
Page 152 and 153:
152 Box 2.4. Ørestad development-I
Page 154 and 155:
154 dealing with the expected incre
Page 156 and 157:
156 but it does not have clear prio
Page 158 and 159:
158 In designing a detailed scheme
Page 160 and 161:
160 of demand management tool in th
Page 162 and 163:
162 elasticity of short-distance lo
Page 164 and 165:
164 bridge construction but for stu
Page 166 and 167:
166 The consequence of the Fehmarn
Page 168 and 169:
168 Local and national housing poli
Page 170 and 171:
170 increased by approximately 40%
Page 172 and 173:
172 disproportionately affected. Th
Page 174 and 175:
174 in Denmark (Andersen, 2008). Mu
Page 176 and 177:
176 Given the diversity of the buil
Page 178 and 179:
178 them from implementing more pro
Page 180 and 181:
180 guidelines in the forthcoming C
Page 182 and 183:
182 A wide range of environmental i
Page 184 and 185:
184 Denmark's National Board of Hea
Page 186 and 187:
186 conditions, and natural ventila
Page 188 and 189:
188 mandated to integrate respect f
Page 190 and 191:
190 with a further EUR 220 million
Page 192 and 193:
192 inter-linkages between economic
Page 194 and 195:
194 Although these national framewo
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196 schools, teachers and pedagogue
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198 17 In 1997, the average price f
Page 200 and 201:
200 literature and case law that mu
Page 202 and 203:
202 eco-project that will be showca
Page 205 and 206:
205 Chapter 3: metropolitan governa
Page 207 and 208:
207 regional level, the 16 existing
Page 209 and 210:
209 and education. Expenditure for
Page 211 and 212:
211 Administrative boundaries do no
Page 213 and 214:
213 Figure 3.5. Dominance of the co
Page 215 and 216:
215 airport, a new metro line betwe
Page 217 and 218:
217 instruments, it has funds at it
Page 219 and 220:
219 Box 3.3. Relations between metr
Page 221 and 222:
221 Figure 3.6. Under-representatio
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223 Authority, set up to deal with
Page 225 and 226:
225 providing services to other mun
Page 227 and 228:
227 municipalities in Copenhagen wa
Page 229 and 230:
229 3.4 Political leadership The Ci
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231 mayors; permitting only the eco
Page 233 and 234:
233 While international migration m
Page 235 and 236:
235 Human resources management in t
Page 237 and 238:
237 developed, notably by the natio
Page 239 and 240:
This governance framework poses cha
Page 241 and 242:
241 Annex 1: Conceptual Framework T
Page 243 and 244:
243 over 1980-2003, confirm the pre
Page 245 and 246:
245 efficiency of the labour market
Page 247 and 248:
247 population growth was strongly
Page 249 and 250:
249 specialised places are better s
Page 251 and 252:
251 trend can mainly be explained b
Page 253 and 254:
253 partnerships between firms and
Page 255 and 256:
255 workers. Even though relative p
Page 257 and 258:
257 indicators such as GDP per capi
Page 259 and 260:
259 institutional proxies of commun
Page 261 and 262:
261 Bibliography Acs, Z. and C. Arm
Page 263 and 264:
263 Bikes Belong (2008), ―Bicycli
Page 265 and 266:
265 CBS (2005e), A Mapping of Danis
Page 267 and 268:
267 City of Vancouver (2007), ―Re
Page 269 and 270:
269 Demographia (2008), ―4th Annu
Page 271 and 272:
271 Faugert, S. et al. (2004), ―E
Page 273 and 274:
273 Gyourko, J. and J. Tracy (1989)
Page 275 and 276:
275 Konkurrencestyrelsen (2004), Ko
Page 277 and 278:
277 Meijiers and Romeim (2003) ―R
Page 279 and 280:
279 OECD (1996), Innovative Policie
Page 281 and 282:
281 Rappaport, J. and J. Sachs (200
Page 283 and 284:
283 Statistics Denmark (2008) ―IN
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