Territorial Review Copenhagen - Region Hovedstaden

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16 number of patents per inhabitant. Although firms in Copenhagen excel in process innovation, user-driven innovation and non-technological innovation, and despite a high degree of innovation in the welfare sector, there is room for improvement with regards to product innovation, research and the commercial use of research, which strongly influence competitiveness. One important research area in Copenhagen is health, which has seen strong growth since 2000 and which benefits from the extensive Danish data registers that gather health and socio-economic data. Although health science in Copenhagen performs better than elsewhere in Europe, career possibilities for young researchers are limited, forcing them out of the field. Flexible employment structures in universities and hospitals, allowing for career enhancement, could resolve this problem. Links with Lund University with its strong life sciences department could be strengthened. …and could be improved by further links between higher education institutions and firms… Networks of business and academia could be stimulated, rather than intermediary organisations created. The focus of policy in innovation has been on the commercialisation of research. The main instruments chosen to achieve this have been university patenting and science parks, and as a result, Copenhagen now has a wide variety of technology transfer offices, incubators and science parks. However, university patents and science parks have not necessarily proven successful, according to numerous foreign studies, and some doubt prevails as to whether they have been effective in Copenhagen. Domestic academic contributions to Danish dedicated biotechnology firms has declined as an result of the Danish Law on University Patenting, and only a minor part of this decline has re-emerged as inventive capability in university-owned patenting or in the establishment of university spin-offs. An assessment of the Symbion science park, which is specialised in commercialising inventions in IT, telecommunications and biotechnology, found relatively few links to the higher education institutes in the area and low student awareness of the initiative. This suggests that institutions such as Symbion have in fact reduced interaction between higher education and industry. To achieve more commercialisation of research, complementary approaches will be needed to increase university-industry co-operation. This could take the form of networks, rather than new institutions and intermediaries; business, universities and other research institutes are the main responsible actors, but the City of Copenhagen and the Capital Region could stimulate the creation of these networks.
17 Commercialisation of research could be streamlined in the context of the Øresund Science Region, leading to more co-operation on commercialisation of research among the universities in the region (more common projects, for example). …and an incentive-based research funding scheme The quality of research could be improved by the introduction of more incentives to fund it. Denmark has a two-tier system for the allocation of research funds. The first tier is the basic grant, disbursed by ministries directly to the institutions. The second tier consists of grants from the National Research Councils, strategic research programmes, R&D funds from the different ministries, private funds and firms. Although basic research grants facilitate long-term planning for the universities, they offer no incentives for efficiency, relevance and impact on society. No mechanisms are in place to ensure that the institutions producing the highest quality research are rewarded. The complexities of the second tier can easily become opaque and bureaucratic.The national government would do well to reconsider its funding mechanisms and introduce more incentives in the first tier of research funding, as it is considering doing as of 2010. In addition, a simplification of second-tier funding is needed. Entrepreneurship policies could be aligned with Copenhagen’s needs National entrepreneurship policies could benefit from improved coordination and alignment with regional and local initiatives in Copenhagen. The national government in Denmark recently prioritised entrepreneurship, particularly businesses that can generate rapid growth in personnel, value added and exports. In order to stimulate high-growth entrepreneurship, Regional Centres of Growth were established to provide services to these entrepreneurs. One such Regional Centre of Growth is active in the Capital Region, in addition to the business centres of various municipalities in the Copenhagen metropolitan region. The City of Copenhagen conducts its own business policy, in which creative entrepreneurship and ethnic entrepreneurship play an important role. As part of these policies, creative zones were created by the City of Copenhagen, setting up favourable conditions for entrepreneurs in the creative sectors. National policies sometimes appear to conflict with regional and local goals. A tension exists between encouraging entrepreneurs to increase personnel and the already very tight labour market in Copenhagen, as implementation of this policy
Page 1 and 2: Territorial Review Copenhagen Preli
Page 3 and 4: 3 Acknowledgements This Review was
Page 5 and 6: 5 Table of contents Chapter 1: The
Page 7 and 8: 7 Assessment and Recommendations Co
Page 9 and 10: 9 Its international ranking is mixe
Page 11 and 12: 11 The lack of skill is of paramoun
Page 13 and 14: 13 qualifications of immigrants and
Page 15: 15 more than twice average full-tim
Page 19 and 20: 19 surpassed only by Spain and Swed
Page 21 and 22: 21 in the suburban periphery, while
Page 23 and 24: 23 emissions by 25% since 1990 and
Page 25 and 26: 25 and the other municipalities in
Page 27 and 28: 27 instruments at its disposal. A s
Page 29 and 30: 29 Chapter 1: The competitiveness o
Page 31 and 32: 31 Figure 1.2. Map of Copenhagen an
Page 33 and 34: 33 other areas in Denmark are more
Page 35 and 36: 35 Figure 1.5. Map of Copenhagen an
Page 37 and 38: 37 Figure 1.7. Regional GDP in % of
Page 39 and 40: 39 Copenhagen plays a crucial role
Page 41 and 42: 41 Figure 1.8. Monthly unemployment
Page 43 and 44: 43 Figure 1.10. Co-patents between
Page 45 and 46: 45 Table 1.4. Employment and value-
Page 47 and 48: 47 Table 1.6. Overview of studies o
Page 49 and 50: 49 capital. As Table 1.7 shows, the
Page 51 and 52: Rank Total Accounting Advertising F
Page 53 and 54: 53 Potential of a more integrated
Page 55 and 56: 55 Figure 1.12. Economic growth in
Page 57 and 58: 57 If a broader definition of econo
Page 59 and 60: 59 …but is only moderately succes
Page 61 and 62: 61 Region. The variation in tertiar
Page 63 and 64: 63 Education and skills Education o
Page 65 and 66: 65 Øresund as part of the solution
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67 Under-utilisation of immigrants
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69 Figure 1.18. Share of foreign-bo
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71 the countries that attract the m
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73 both the public and private sect
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75 figures in the THES rankings of
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77 (FORA, 2008). This is in line wi
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79 most other OECD countries (OECD,
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81 Several OECD countries score bet
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83 fewest procedures in the world f
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85 recorded in the OECD (OECD, 1999
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87 50 000 population; New Zealand:
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89 ensuring that these 38 000 dwell
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91 progress has been made - the lev
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93 the region‘s groundwater aquif
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95 rising sea levels (which could r
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Car theft per 1000 inhabitants (200
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99 challenges, such as delays and c
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101 Figure 1.34. Congestion in sele
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immigrants and students, who enter
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105 8 Copenhagen metropolitan regio
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107 ranking rates 200 universities
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109 32 One notable exception is the
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111 44 Københavns Energi (Copenhag
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114 governments and the majority of
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116 main challenges for the region
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118 Box 2.1. Economic linkages betw
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120 technicians. Since the Structur
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122 Figure 2.1. Denmark’s plannin
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124 by openness, quality consciousn
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126 2.3 Skills policies Recent labo
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128 exams. This system gives univer
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130 municipality, which in principl
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132 intention of developing and spr
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134 highly skilled migrants. Such p
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136 the effectiveness of innovation
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138 they suggest that exploratory r
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140 bureaucratic. First-tier fundin
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142 The priority on high-growth ent
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144 Creative entrepreneurship Preli
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146 therefore be targeted at these
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148 A current constraint in busines
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150 2009 will provide some first in
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152 Box 2.4. Ørestad development-I
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154 dealing with the expected incre
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156 but it does not have clear prio
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158 In designing a detailed scheme
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160 of demand management tool in th
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162 elasticity of short-distance lo
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164 bridge construction but for stu
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166 The consequence of the Fehmarn
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168 Local and national housing poli
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170 increased by approximately 40%
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172 disproportionately affected. Th
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174 in Denmark (Andersen, 2008). Mu
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176 Given the diversity of the buil
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178 them from implementing more pro
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180 guidelines in the forthcoming C
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182 A wide range of environmental i
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184 Denmark's National Board of Hea
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186 conditions, and natural ventila
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188 mandated to integrate respect f
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190 with a further EUR 220 million
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192 inter-linkages between economic
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194 Although these national framewo
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196 schools, teachers and pedagogue
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198 17 In 1997, the average price f
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200 literature and case law that mu
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202 eco-project that will be showca
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205 Chapter 3: metropolitan governa
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207 regional level, the 16 existing
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209 and education. Expenditure for
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211 Administrative boundaries do no
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213 Figure 3.5. Dominance of the co
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215 airport, a new metro line betwe
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217 instruments, it has funds at it
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219 Box 3.3. Relations between metr
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221 Figure 3.6. Under-representatio
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223 Authority, set up to deal with
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225 providing services to other mun
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227 municipalities in Copenhagen wa
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229 3.4 Political leadership The Ci
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231 mayors; permitting only the eco
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233 While international migration m
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235 Human resources management in t
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237 developed, notably by the natio
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This governance framework poses cha
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241 Annex 1: Conceptual Framework T
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243 over 1980-2003, confirm the pre
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245 efficiency of the labour market
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247 population growth was strongly
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249 specialised places are better s
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251 trend can mainly be explained b
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253 partnerships between firms and
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255 workers. Even though relative p
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257 indicators such as GDP per capi
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259 institutional proxies of commun
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261 Bibliography Acs, Z. and C. Arm
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263 Bikes Belong (2008), ―Bicycli
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265 CBS (2005e), A Mapping of Danis
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267 City of Vancouver (2007), ―Re
Page 269 and 270:
269 Demographia (2008), ―4th Annu
Page 271 and 272:
271 Faugert, S. et al. (2004), ―E
Page 273 and 274:
273 Gyourko, J. and J. Tracy (1989)
Page 275 and 276:
275 Konkurrencestyrelsen (2004), Ko
Page 277 and 278:
277 Meijiers and Romeim (2003) ―R
Page 279 and 280:
279 OECD (1996), Innovative Policie
Page 281 and 282:
281 Rappaport, J. and J. Sachs (200
Page 283 and 284:
283 Statistics Denmark (2008) ―IN
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