Territorial Review Copenhagen - Region Hovedstaden

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46 Table 1.5. Economic specialisation indexes of selected OECD metropolitan areas by comparison with their national average in 2005 (a value of 1.00 represents the national average) Agriculture Mining Manufacture Energy Construction Wholesale Hotels Restaurants Transport Financial services Commercial services Public administration Health Copenhagen 0.21 0.46 0.63 1.01 0.87 1.05 1.14 1.20 1.58 1.47 1.02 1.01 Vienna 0.05 0.07 0.57 1.15 0.88 1.11 0.87 1.30 1.72 1.82 1.19 1.33 Brussels 0.04 0.20 0.44 1.42 0.52 0.92 1.17 1.30 3.25 1.21 0.98 0.83 Prague 0.53 0.18 0.63 0.95 1.01 1.10 1.09 1.28 1.63 1.66 1.13 0.96 Athens 0.08 0.10 1.07 0.85 1.04 1.15 0.72 1.28 1.50 1.46 1.09 0.97 Oslo 0.02 0.24 0.62 0.46 0.73 1.16 1.05 1.21 1.67 1.66 0.91 0.91 Lisbon 0.11 0.22 0.56 1.23 0.90 1.14 1.11 1.56 1.94 2.14 1.54 1.10 Paris 0.10 0.43 0.65 1.09 0.74 0.95 1.26 1.30 1.79 1.56 0.99 0.85 Budapest 0.27 0.42 0.72 0.57 1.03 1.16 0.99 1.22 1.47 1.74 0.95 0.93 Seoul 0.54 0.67 2.30 1.85 2.22 2.43 2.17 2.38 2.48 3.12 1.95 2.12 Madrid 0.09 0.39 0.67 1.14 0.89 0.96 0.88 1.40 1.52 1.61 1.31 0.98 London 0.12 0.25 0.48 0.42 0.73 0.85 1.04 1.29 1.95 1.60 0.78 0.76 Source: OECD Secretariat‘s calculations based on data from OECD Metropolitan Database, using functional metropolitan areas. Inclusion of metropolitan areas based on data availability. Biotechnology is one of the leading economic sectors in Copenhagen. It is one of the economic sectors that appears systematically in studies that have been written about clusters in the Copenhagen metropolitan region. 12 Despite the heterogeneity of these studies, they present a fairly consistent picture of economic specialisations of Copenhagen (Table 1.6). Although some of the methods are more reliable than others, and although one needs to be careful to interpret similarities between different studies based on interviews with (probably the same) experts as confirmation of earlier findings, there seem to be common elements in all the studies. A complex of specialisations and sub-specialisations is mentioned that are connected to health and life sciences: pharmaceuticals, medical equipment and biotechnology. In addition to that, there are several creative sub-sectors that seem to represent specialisations, such as film, architecture and gaming. Other specialisations that are mentioned several times but not consistently are tourism, IT services, logistics, food and technological niches.
47 Table 1.6. Overview of studies on clusters in Copenhagen (Capital Region) Study by: Ministry for Trade and Industry (2001) Ministry for Trade and Industry (2002) Oxford Research (2003) Copenha gen Economic s (2006) Number of Danish clusters 29 6 16 6 n.a. 18 26 11 Number of Copenhage n clusters Copenhagen clusters Business tourism Health care Film/TV Food PR/Communication Pervasive Computing Pharmaceuticals Pharma-trade Architecture/engineer ing Film/Video Medical equipment Electronic equipment PR/Communication Imaging/vision/3D Venture capital E-learning Film/TV Bioinformatics Optical communication Plastic production Sensor technology Nano technology Aerospace Design/Architecture Wireless communication Biomedical Hearing aids Logistics/air transport Diabetes Business tourism Pharmaceuticals Film/TV IT services Medical Chemicals Business services Publishing IT Software Knowledge service Telecommunication Tourism Definition of cluster Selfdefinition 343 ISICbranches Statistical analysis and selfdefinition Statistical analysis and selfdefinition Methodology in selection of clusters Interviews with 75 experts The 343 branches are ranked according to an agglomeration index and an economic performance index. The 17 branches with highest scores on performance- and agglomeration index were selected. Interviews with experts to come to 94 clusters; reduced to 18 clusters via 6 filters 200 globally oriented businesses clustered to 26 on the basis of common characteristics
Page 1 and 2: Territorial Review Copenhagen Preli
Page 3 and 4: 3 Acknowledgements This Review was
Page 5 and 6: 5 Table of contents Chapter 1: The
Page 7 and 8: 7 Assessment and Recommendations Co
Page 9 and 10: 9 Its international ranking is mixe
Page 11 and 12: 11 The lack of skill is of paramoun
Page 13 and 14: 13 qualifications of immigrants and
Page 15 and 16: 15 more than twice average full-tim
Page 17 and 18: 17 Commercialisation of research co
Page 19 and 20: 19 surpassed only by Spain and Swed
Page 21 and 22: 21 in the suburban periphery, while
Page 23 and 24: 23 emissions by 25% since 1990 and
Page 25 and 26: 25 and the other municipalities in
Page 27 and 28: 27 instruments at its disposal. A s
Page 29 and 30: 29 Chapter 1: The competitiveness o
Page 31 and 32: 31 Figure 1.2. Map of Copenhagen an
Page 33 and 34: 33 other areas in Denmark are more
Page 35 and 36: 35 Figure 1.5. Map of Copenhagen an
Page 37 and 38: 37 Figure 1.7. Regional GDP in % of
Page 39 and 40: 39 Copenhagen plays a crucial role
Page 41 and 42: 41 Figure 1.8. Monthly unemployment
Page 43 and 44: 43 Figure 1.10. Co-patents between
Page 45: 45 Table 1.4. Employment and value-
Page 49 and 50: 49 capital. As Table 1.7 shows, the
Page 51 and 52: Rank Total Accounting Advertising F
Page 53 and 54: 53 Potential of a more integrated
Page 55 and 56: 55 Figure 1.12. Economic growth in
Page 57 and 58: 57 If a broader definition of econo
Page 59 and 60: 59 …but is only moderately succes
Page 61 and 62: 61 Region. The variation in tertiar
Page 63 and 64: 63 Education and skills Education o
Page 65 and 66: 65 Øresund as part of the solution
Page 67 and 68: 67 Under-utilisation of immigrants
Page 69 and 70: 69 Figure 1.18. Share of foreign-bo
Page 71 and 72: 71 the countries that attract the m
Page 73 and 74: 73 both the public and private sect
Page 75 and 76: 75 figures in the THES rankings of
Page 77 and 78: 77 (FORA, 2008). This is in line wi
Page 79 and 80: 79 most other OECD countries (OECD,
Page 81 and 82: 81 Several OECD countries score bet
Page 83 and 84: 83 fewest procedures in the world f
Page 85 and 86: 85 recorded in the OECD (OECD, 1999
Page 87 and 88: 87 50 000 population; New Zealand:
Page 89 and 90: 89 ensuring that these 38 000 dwell
Page 91 and 92: 91 progress has been made - the lev
Page 93 and 94: 93 the region‘s groundwater aquif
Page 95 and 96: 95 rising sea levels (which could r
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Car theft per 1000 inhabitants (200
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99 challenges, such as delays and c
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101 Figure 1.34. Congestion in sele
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immigrants and students, who enter
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105 8 Copenhagen metropolitan regio
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107 ranking rates 200 universities
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109 32 One notable exception is the
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111 44 Københavns Energi (Copenhag
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114 governments and the majority of
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116 main challenges for the region
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118 Box 2.1. Economic linkages betw
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120 technicians. Since the Structur
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122 Figure 2.1. Denmark’s plannin
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124 by openness, quality consciousn
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126 2.3 Skills policies Recent labo
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128 exams. This system gives univer
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130 municipality, which in principl
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132 intention of developing and spr
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134 highly skilled migrants. Such p
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136 the effectiveness of innovation
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138 they suggest that exploratory r
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140 bureaucratic. First-tier fundin
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142 The priority on high-growth ent
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144 Creative entrepreneurship Preli
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146 therefore be targeted at these
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148 A current constraint in busines
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150 2009 will provide some first in
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152 Box 2.4. Ørestad development-I
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154 dealing with the expected incre
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156 but it does not have clear prio
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158 In designing a detailed scheme
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160 of demand management tool in th
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162 elasticity of short-distance lo
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164 bridge construction but for stu
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166 The consequence of the Fehmarn
Page 168 and 169:
168 Local and national housing poli
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170 increased by approximately 40%
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172 disproportionately affected. Th
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174 in Denmark (Andersen, 2008). Mu
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176 Given the diversity of the buil
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178 them from implementing more pro
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180 guidelines in the forthcoming C
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182 A wide range of environmental i
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184 Denmark's National Board of Hea
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186 conditions, and natural ventila
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188 mandated to integrate respect f
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190 with a further EUR 220 million
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192 inter-linkages between economic
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194 Although these national framewo
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196 schools, teachers and pedagogue
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198 17 In 1997, the average price f
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200 literature and case law that mu
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202 eco-project that will be showca
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205 Chapter 3: metropolitan governa
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207 regional level, the 16 existing
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209 and education. Expenditure for
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211 Administrative boundaries do no
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213 Figure 3.5. Dominance of the co
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215 airport, a new metro line betwe
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217 instruments, it has funds at it
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219 Box 3.3. Relations between metr
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221 Figure 3.6. Under-representatio
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223 Authority, set up to deal with
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225 providing services to other mun
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227 municipalities in Copenhagen wa
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229 3.4 Political leadership The Ci
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231 mayors; permitting only the eco
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233 While international migration m
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235 Human resources management in t
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237 developed, notably by the natio
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This governance framework poses cha
Page 241 and 242:
241 Annex 1: Conceptual Framework T
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243 over 1980-2003, confirm the pre
Page 245 and 246:
245 efficiency of the labour market
Page 247 and 248:
247 population growth was strongly
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249 specialised places are better s
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251 trend can mainly be explained b
Page 253 and 254:
253 partnerships between firms and
Page 255 and 256:
255 workers. Even though relative p
Page 257 and 258:
257 indicators such as GDP per capi
Page 259 and 260:
259 institutional proxies of commun
Page 261 and 262:
261 Bibliography Acs, Z. and C. Arm
Page 263 and 264:
263 Bikes Belong (2008), ―Bicycli
Page 265 and 266:
265 CBS (2005e), A Mapping of Danis
Page 267 and 268:
267 City of Vancouver (2007), ―Re
Page 269 and 270:
269 Demographia (2008), ―4th Annu
Page 271 and 272:
271 Faugert, S. et al. (2004), ―E
Page 273 and 274:
273 Gyourko, J. and J. Tracy (1989)
Page 275 and 276:
275 Konkurrencestyrelsen (2004), Ko
Page 277 and 278:
277 Meijiers and Romeim (2003) ―R
Page 279 and 280:
279 OECD (1996), Innovative Policie
Page 281 and 282:
281 Rappaport, J. and J. Sachs (200
Page 283 and 284:
283 Statistics Denmark (2008) ―IN
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