Territorial Review Copenhagen - Region Hovedstaden

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113 Chapter 2: Policies to strengthen competitiveness Several challenges for Copenhagen have been identified in the first chapter: a shortage of highly skilled labour, an average performance in innovation and some issues regarding urban appeal. Many of these challenges can be addressed through public policies at the national, regional or local level. This chapter assesses the policies in place to strengthen the competitiveness of metropolitan Copenhagen. This assessment includes regional and urban policies in Denmark and continues with an analysis of policies on spatial planning, labour, education, innovation, housing, infrastructure and sustainability. 2.1 Regional and urban policy Regional policy in Denmark has been decentralised since the 1990s… Regional policy has for long been a responsibility of the central government in Denmark. From the late 1950s till the early 1980s, the proclaimed objective of regional policy was to promote equality between different parts of the country with regard to economic welfare, especially between the urban centres and the rural periphery. From the mid-1980s, the assumptions underpinning national regional policy changed. The case for this shift was primarily couched in economic terms, as a mobilisation of regional resources in support of a more general attempt to improve the international competitiveness of Danish firms. Since the 1990s, the central government has withdrawn from implementation of regional policies. All the central government schemes for regional policy were terminated in 1991, and since then, the main components of spatial economic policy have been a host of sub-national initiatives and the European Structural Funds. The central government abandoned its role of redistributing private economic activity between the regions and instead adopted a position limiting its direct role in regional development to ensuring that business development programmes were made available in every region. From the early 1990s, all the regional
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Territorial Review Copenhagen Preli
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3 Acknowledgements This Review was
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5 Table of contents Chapter 1: The
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7 Assessment and Recommendations Co
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9 Its international ranking is mixe
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11 The lack of skill is of paramoun
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13 qualifications of immigrants and
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15 more than twice average full-tim
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17 Commercialisation of research co
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19 surpassed only by Spain and Swed
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21 in the suburban periphery, while
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23 emissions by 25% since 1990 and
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25 and the other municipalities in
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27 instruments at its disposal. A s
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29 Chapter 1: The competitiveness o
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31 Figure 1.2. Map of Copenhagen an
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33 other areas in Denmark are more
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35 Figure 1.5. Map of Copenhagen an
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37 Figure 1.7. Regional GDP in % of
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39 Copenhagen plays a crucial role
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41 Figure 1.8. Monthly unemployment
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43 Figure 1.10. Co-patents between
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45 Table 1.4. Employment and value-
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47 Table 1.6. Overview of studies o
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49 capital. As Table 1.7 shows, the
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Rank Total Accounting Advertising F
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53 Potential of a more integrated
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55 Figure 1.12. Economic growth in
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57 If a broader definition of econo
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59 …but is only moderately succes
Page 61 and 62: 61 Region. The variation in tertiar
Page 63 and 64: 63 Education and skills Education o
Page 65 and 66: 65 Øresund as part of the solution
Page 67 and 68: 67 Under-utilisation of immigrants
Page 69 and 70: 69 Figure 1.18. Share of foreign-bo
Page 71 and 72: 71 the countries that attract the m
Page 73 and 74: 73 both the public and private sect
Page 75 and 76: 75 figures in the THES rankings of
Page 77 and 78: 77 (FORA, 2008). This is in line wi
Page 79 and 80: 79 most other OECD countries (OECD,
Page 81 and 82: 81 Several OECD countries score bet
Page 83 and 84: 83 fewest procedures in the world f
Page 85 and 86: 85 recorded in the OECD (OECD, 1999
Page 87 and 88: 87 50 000 population; New Zealand:
Page 89 and 90: 89 ensuring that these 38 000 dwell
Page 91 and 92: 91 progress has been made - the lev
Page 93 and 94: 93 the region‘s groundwater aquif
Page 95 and 96: 95 rising sea levels (which could r
Page 97 and 98: Car theft per 1000 inhabitants (200
Page 99 and 100: 99 challenges, such as delays and c
Page 101 and 102: 101 Figure 1.34. Congestion in sele
Page 103 and 104: immigrants and students, who enter
Page 105 and 106: 105 8 Copenhagen metropolitan regio
Page 107 and 108: 107 ranking rates 200 universities
Page 109 and 110: 109 32 One notable exception is the
Page 111: 111 44 Københavns Energi (Copenhag
Page 115 and 116: 115 traffic and environment plannin
Page 117 and 118: 117 competitiveness of the Capital
Page 119 and 120: 119 Core Cities‘ efforts to drive
Page 121 and 122: 121 established in the fingers them
Page 123 and 124: 123 were strong competitiveness and
Page 125 and 126: 125 fair list of actions to be take
Page 127 and 128: 127 population. The partnership agr
Page 129 and 130: 129 whose aim is to construct a bot
Page 131 and 132: 131 Box 2.2. Copenhagen Model for I
Page 133 and 134: 133 Evaluation of labour market int
Page 135 and 136: 135 system. One of the constraining
Page 137 and 138: 137 Several initiatives have been t
Page 139 and 140: 139 a number of industrial research
Page 141 and 142: 141 Copenhagen Area funded partly b
Page 143 and 144: 143 Figure 2.2. Creative zones in C
Page 145 and 146: 145 financial incentives and fundin
Page 147 and 148: 147 Not much functional overlap see
Page 149 and 150: 149 Box 2.3. Regional spillovers of
Page 151 and 152: 151 and which will link the Danish
Page 153 and 154: 153 Figure 2.3. The finger plan in
Page 155 and 156: 155 might be regarded as an emergin
Page 157 and 158: 157 Box 2.5 Some examples of conges
Page 159 and 160: 159 types entering the central Cong
Page 161 and 162: 161 not only in the city of Copenha
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163 southern Sweden remains fairly
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165 operation of the bridge will ge
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167 housing demand. In 2005, it was
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169 Aside from a regional focus, th
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171 allowing planning authorities t
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173 Capital Region together with th
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175 high-risk areas where more than
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177 regional housing allocation for
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179 Copenhagen‘s workforce bicycl
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181 times in the municipality of Co
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183 façades, and street furniture.
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185 square is nearly void of green
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187 2000 year levels by 2008 (2,776
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189 2.7.3 Cultural policies Since t
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191 combined with a good quality of
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193 2.8. Conclusion There appear to
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195 NOTES 1 Those projects started
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197 flows in the historical core an
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199 compact, higher-density growth
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201 35 Avedøre Stationsby is a tow
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203 Danish Ministry of Environment
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206 Figure 3.1. Sub-national expend
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208 Figure 3.2. Expenditure shares
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210 Figure 3.3. Main budget items o
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212 Municipal fragmentation in Cope
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214 Ministry of Environment. Althou
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216 Copenhagen Authority, represent
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218 only to a limited extent on the
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220 national level. 4 This election
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222 region. In practice, this means
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224 Figure 3.7. Sub-national tax re
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226 3.3.1 Fiscal equalisation Like
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228 OECD country. In a majority of
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230 volume of these issues are capa
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232 recruitment, high turnover and
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234 While changing demographics wil
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236 remuneration, a focus on connec
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238 have been made to be more clien
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240 NOTES 1 In addition, 9% is spen
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242 Relevance of urban competitiven
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244 be most important to urban area
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246 Although these models might wor
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248 States between 1860 and 1987 at
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250 of universities is to produce c
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252 growth. Similar findings were f
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254 An extensive literature exists
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256 crime corresponds to a 1% decli
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258 The industries in a given regio
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260 Conclusion There is a solid bas
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262 Andersen, J. (2005), ―Gamblin
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264 Bruun, F. (1995), ―Dilemmas o
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266 The City of Copenhagen (2005),
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268 Damm, A.P. and M. Rosholm (2005
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270 Economic Council (2001), ―Cha
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272 Glaeser, E. and J. Kohlhase (20
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274 Huggins, R., A. Johnston and R.
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276 Löfgren, O. (2008), Regionauts
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278 Ministry of Trade and Industry
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280 Ottaviano, G. and D. Pinelli (2
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282 Schmidt, T.D. (2005), Cross-bor
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284 Vickerman, R., K. Spiekermann a
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Territorial Review Copenhagen - Region Hovedstaden

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