Territorial Review Copenhagen - Region Hovedstaden

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180 guidelines in the forthcoming Climate Change Action Plan (2009). The city‘s ambitious targets, especially with transportation and organic food, are laudable and reflect the administration‘s desire to decrease air pollution and increase liveability (Box 2.9). However, key commitments remain absent, in particular more conventional targets for water use, the residential sector and government buildings and services. While the Copenhagen Agenda 21 (2004-07) explicitly targeted water conservation, groundwater consumption and water recycling were absent from the Eco-Metropole vision. 41 This is especially problematic given the Danish Meteorological Institute‘s forecast of temperature increases in Denmark by 3˚ to 5˚C by 2100. 42 Other cities have offered more refined plans for the residential sector and government buildings. Cape Town‘s Energy and Climate Change Strategy, for instance, established targets for energy efficiency in municipal buildings and more efficient lighting in households and city-owned housing (City of Cape Town, 2006; OECD, 2008). Equally important given the fluidity of much of the contamination in Copenhagen, additional effort needs to be made to forge such agendas on a regional basis. Promising initiatives exist on this front, e.g. the Capital Region‘s Soil Contamination Strategy (2007) and Copenhagen Capacity/Technical University of Denmark‘s forthcoming clean-tech cluster project, but additional work with regional air and noise pollution may be required. Box 2.9. Environmental targets for the city of Copenhagen (2015) Area Progress (2007) Air and noise pollution A reduction in Copenhagen‘s CO 2 emissions by 20% Copenhageners should be able to sleep peacefully, free from harmful traffic-induced noise. All schools and institutions should be subject to only low traffic noise levels. The air should be clean enough not to damage Copenhageners‘ health. Copenhagen emits a combined total of 2.4 million tons, or 4.9 tons per inhabitant (2005 figures). There are no current measurements for traffic noise levels at night. About 40 000 dwellings are subject to excessive noise levels; 10 schools and 20 institutions are subject to excessive noise from street traffic. In 2005, the limit for daily average value for PM10 (50 μg/m3) was exceeded 64
181 times in the municipality of Copenhagen, 29 more days than the EU‘s permitted threshold. Transportation At least 50% of work or school commutes by bicycle. 36% of residents commute to work or school by bicycle. Reduction by half of the number of seriously injured cyclists. 118 cyclists were seriously injured in Copenhagen. At least 80% of cyclists in Copenhagen feel safe and secure in traffic. Currently 30% of cyclists feel secure in Copenhagen‘s traffic. Green space and recreation 90% of Copenhageners should be able to walk to a park, beach, natural area or sea swimming pool in under 15 minutes. Doubling of Copenhageners‘ visits to city parks, natural areas, sea, swimming pools, and beaches. Food supply At least 20% of the city‘s food consumption should be of organic food. 90% of the food supply served in the City of Copenhagen‘s institutions should be organic. Waste disposal Garbage should be cleared from public streets within eight hours. 60% of Copenhageners are able to walk to a park, beach, natural area or sea swimming pool in under 15 minutes. Copenhageners visit city parks, natural areas, sea, swimming pools and beaches every other day, staying there one hour on average. Figures from Copenhagen do not exist, but approximately 7% of Denmark‘s food supply is organic. Currently 45% of the food supply served in the City of Copenhagen‘s institutions is organic. In Copenhagen‘s inner city, 36 hours sometimes elapse before the streets are cleaned. Source: City of Copenhagen (2007) and Teknik og Miljøforvaltningen KK
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Territorial Review Copenhagen Preli
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3 Acknowledgements This Review was
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5 Table of contents Chapter 1: The
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7 Assessment and Recommendations Co
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9 Its international ranking is mixe
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11 The lack of skill is of paramoun
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13 qualifications of immigrants and
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15 more than twice average full-tim
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17 Commercialisation of research co
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19 surpassed only by Spain and Swed
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21 in the suburban periphery, while
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23 emissions by 25% since 1990 and
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25 and the other municipalities in
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27 instruments at its disposal. A s
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29 Chapter 1: The competitiveness o
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31 Figure 1.2. Map of Copenhagen an
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33 other areas in Denmark are more
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35 Figure 1.5. Map of Copenhagen an
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37 Figure 1.7. Regional GDP in % of
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39 Copenhagen plays a crucial role
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41 Figure 1.8. Monthly unemployment
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43 Figure 1.10. Co-patents between
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45 Table 1.4. Employment and value-
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47 Table 1.6. Overview of studies o
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49 capital. As Table 1.7 shows, the
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Rank Total Accounting Advertising F
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53 Potential of a more integrated
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55 Figure 1.12. Economic growth in
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57 If a broader definition of econo
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59 …but is only moderately succes
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61 Region. The variation in tertiar
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63 Education and skills Education o
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65 Øresund as part of the solution
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67 Under-utilisation of immigrants
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69 Figure 1.18. Share of foreign-bo
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71 the countries that attract the m
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73 both the public and private sect
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75 figures in the THES rankings of
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77 (FORA, 2008). This is in line wi
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79 most other OECD countries (OECD,
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81 Several OECD countries score bet
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83 fewest procedures in the world f
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85 recorded in the OECD (OECD, 1999
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87 50 000 population; New Zealand:
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89 ensuring that these 38 000 dwell
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91 progress has been made - the lev
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93 the region‘s groundwater aquif
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95 rising sea levels (which could r
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Car theft per 1000 inhabitants (200
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99 challenges, such as delays and c
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101 Figure 1.34. Congestion in sele
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immigrants and students, who enter
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105 8 Copenhagen metropolitan regio
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107 ranking rates 200 universities
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109 32 One notable exception is the
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111 44 Københavns Energi (Copenhag
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114 governments and the majority of
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116 main challenges for the region
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118 Box 2.1. Economic linkages betw
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120 technicians. Since the Structur
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122 Figure 2.1. Denmark’s plannin
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124 by openness, quality consciousn
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126 2.3 Skills policies Recent labo
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128 exams. This system gives univer
Page 130 and 131: 130 municipality, which in principl
Page 132 and 133: 132 intention of developing and spr
Page 134 and 135: 134 highly skilled migrants. Such p
Page 136 and 137: 136 the effectiveness of innovation
Page 138 and 139: 138 they suggest that exploratory r
Page 140 and 141: 140 bureaucratic. First-tier fundin
Page 142 and 143: 142 The priority on high-growth ent
Page 144 and 145: 144 Creative entrepreneurship Preli
Page 146 and 147: 146 therefore be targeted at these
Page 148 and 149: 148 A current constraint in busines
Page 150 and 151: 150 2009 will provide some first in
Page 152 and 153: 152 Box 2.4. Ørestad development-I
Page 154 and 155: 154 dealing with the expected incre
Page 156 and 157: 156 but it does not have clear prio
Page 158 and 159: 158 In designing a detailed scheme
Page 160 and 161: 160 of demand management tool in th
Page 162 and 163: 162 elasticity of short-distance lo
Page 164 and 165: 164 bridge construction but for stu
Page 166 and 167: 166 The consequence of the Fehmarn
Page 168 and 169: 168 Local and national housing poli
Page 170 and 171: 170 increased by approximately 40%
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Page 174 and 175: 174 in Denmark (Andersen, 2008). Mu
Page 176 and 177: 176 Given the diversity of the buil
Page 178 and 179: 178 them from implementing more pro
Page 182 and 183: 182 A wide range of environmental i
Page 184 and 185: 184 Denmark's National Board of Hea
Page 186 and 187: 186 conditions, and natural ventila
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Page 190 and 191: 190 with a further EUR 220 million
Page 192 and 193: 192 inter-linkages between economic
Page 194 and 195: 194 Although these national framewo
Page 196 and 197: 196 schools, teachers and pedagogue
Page 198 and 199: 198 17 In 1997, the average price f
Page 200 and 201: 200 literature and case law that mu
Page 202 and 203: 202 eco-project that will be showca
Page 205 and 206: 205 Chapter 3: metropolitan governa
Page 207 and 208: 207 regional level, the 16 existing
Page 209 and 210: 209 and education. Expenditure for
Page 211 and 212: 211 Administrative boundaries do no
Page 213 and 214: 213 Figure 3.5. Dominance of the co
Page 215 and 216: 215 airport, a new metro line betwe
Page 217 and 218: 217 instruments, it has funds at it
Page 219 and 220: 219 Box 3.3. Relations between metr
Page 221 and 222: 221 Figure 3.6. Under-representatio
Page 223 and 224: 223 Authority, set up to deal with
Page 225 and 226: 225 providing services to other mun
Page 227 and 228: 227 municipalities in Copenhagen wa
Page 229 and 230: 229 3.4 Political leadership The Ci
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231 mayors; permitting only the eco
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233 While international migration m
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235 Human resources management in t
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237 developed, notably by the natio
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This governance framework poses cha
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241 Annex 1: Conceptual Framework T
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243 over 1980-2003, confirm the pre
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245 efficiency of the labour market
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247 population growth was strongly
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249 specialised places are better s
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251 trend can mainly be explained b
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253 partnerships between firms and
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255 workers. Even though relative p
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257 indicators such as GDP per capi
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259 institutional proxies of commun
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261 Bibliography Acs, Z. and C. Arm
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263 Bikes Belong (2008), ―Bicycli
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265 CBS (2005e), A Mapping of Danis
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267 City of Vancouver (2007), ―Re
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269 Demographia (2008), ―4th Annu
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271 Faugert, S. et al. (2004), ―E
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273 Gyourko, J. and J. Tracy (1989)
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275 Konkurrencestyrelsen (2004), Ko
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277 Meijiers and Romeim (2003) ―R
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279 OECD (1996), Innovative Policie
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281 Rappaport, J. and J. Sachs (200
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283 Statistics Denmark (2008) ―IN
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