Territorial Review Copenhagen - Region Hovedstaden

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but it does not have clear prioritisation of infrastructures and does not cover
every mode of transport. Because a seamless intermodal transportation
network affects the competitiveness of logistic sector, which many
economic sectors depend on, the national government could benefit from a
tool for co-ordination and prioritisation of every mode of transport, in
accordance with business requirements. 13
Institutional fragmentation of the metropolitan region poses a significant
challenge, making an integral vision on transport modes and their
connection difficult. Currently, no integrated transportation infrastructure
system exists; several actors within the transportation field need to cooperate
with each other. National and municipal governments are
responsible for roads, based on the Danish Roads Act. The national
government is largely responsible for the commuter train (S train) and
regional trains. The national government, City of Copenhagen and the City
of Frederiksberg own the metro based on separate legislation. However, a
regional co-ordination mechanism is beginning to emerge. Since 2007, a
single operator (Movia) has managed the public bus service in Sjaelland. It
is owned by the two regions (the Capital Region and Sjaelland region) and
the municipalities, who nominate the nine members of the board. This
operator has full responsibility for total planning, including the pricing
scheme, while each of 47 municipalities in the coverage area has
responsibility for the operation and financing of bus service within the
administrative boundary. Evidence suggests that this financing makes it
difficult to agree on collective initiatives, such as marketing, because all
costs have to be borne by the regions. Integrated transportation planning is
increasingly necessary at the metropolitan level, as the development of each
mode affects the others. Decision-making should be co-ordinated at strategic
and operational level. Beyond the Copenhagen metropolitan area, crossborder
co-ordination of transportation planning will also increasingly
become necessary.
Congestion charge in discussion
Reflecting the regional scale of the congestion problem, congestion
charges have been discussed extensively in the Copenhagen area over the
last decade. Congestion charges have been introduced in several cities all
over the world. Singapore has long and comprehensive experience and
London, Oslo and Stockholm have followed suit. Like many cities in the
OECD, Copenhagen is reflecting on the introduction of some form of
congestion charges. Several surveys and analyses have been carried out that
suggest a strong basis for decision-making on this matter. Different layouts
of toll rings, multi-cordon systems and kilometre-based charging using GPS
have been investigated and compared through field experiment (Rich and
Nielsen, 2007).