Territorial Review Copenhagen - Region Hovedstaden

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194 Although these national frameworks are typical in unitary countries like Denmark, it is at the same time evident that Copenhagen‘s challenges are different from almost all other areas in Denmark: it has more international challenges, more immigrants, more social segregation, more air pollution and more congestion. It is questionable whether national policies allow for enough regional differentiation to allow the City of Copenhagen to tackle its challenges effectively.
195 NOTES 1 Those projects started as pilot projects in three neighbourhoods in the City of Copenhagen – Kgs. Enghave in Vesterbro, Holmbladsgade in Amager and Femkanten in the northwest – and later extended to the Nørrebro Park neighbourhood and Kvarterløft Northwest. These areas were chosen because of different social problems: unemployment, high outward migration, run-down housing and traffic problems. These areas improved and fostered changes that have made the areas more attractive and the citizens‘ outlook more positive (Danish Building Research Institute, 2008). Significant work has been devoted to restructuring housing projects that isolated the poor, most notably in Hvidovre‘s Avedøre Stationby, where 6 000 low-income residents live in the area isolated from the outer world. Low-income residents today are encouraged to leave ghettos and relocate into mixed-income subsidised units closer to the city centre. 2 There are five regions and six Regional Growth Forums. The island of Bornholm, which forms part of the Capital Region, has its own Regional Growth Forum. 3 Each finger develops its own strength. The Koge Finger in the south has attracted manufacturing and distribution/logistic companies because of its excellent transportation infrastructure, including its roads, railway and the port of Koge. The Roskilde Finger in the southwest has hosted researchoriented companies, due to its extensive technological infrastructure, including Roskilde University. The Frederikssund Finger in the northwest is known as ―the Silicon Valley of the Øresund Region‖, having many information and communications tehcnology (ICT) and biotech/pharma companies. The Hillerød Finger in the north also has many ICT and biotech/pharma companies. The lastly, the Helsingør Finger in the north is also strong in ICT and biotech/pharma, thanks to extensive infrastructure such as its research park, commercial port and proximity to Sweden. 4 The City of Copenhagen prioritises development of unused sites on the harbour and river side in the Development Plan. 5 The aim is to give vulnerable children the possibility for a coherent everyday life and a place to be when school is over. At the whole day
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Territorial Review Copenhagen Preli
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3 Acknowledgements This Review was
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5 Table of contents Chapter 1: The
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7 Assessment and Recommendations Co
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9 Its international ranking is mixe
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11 The lack of skill is of paramoun
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13 qualifications of immigrants and
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15 more than twice average full-tim
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17 Commercialisation of research co
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19 surpassed only by Spain and Swed
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21 in the suburban periphery, while
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23 emissions by 25% since 1990 and
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25 and the other municipalities in
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27 instruments at its disposal. A s
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29 Chapter 1: The competitiveness o
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31 Figure 1.2. Map of Copenhagen an
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33 other areas in Denmark are more
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35 Figure 1.5. Map of Copenhagen an
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37 Figure 1.7. Regional GDP in % of
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39 Copenhagen plays a crucial role
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41 Figure 1.8. Monthly unemployment
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43 Figure 1.10. Co-patents between
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45 Table 1.4. Employment and value-
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47 Table 1.6. Overview of studies o
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49 capital. As Table 1.7 shows, the
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Rank Total Accounting Advertising F
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53 Potential of a more integrated
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55 Figure 1.12. Economic growth in
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57 If a broader definition of econo
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59 …but is only moderately succes
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61 Region. The variation in tertiar
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63 Education and skills Education o
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65 Øresund as part of the solution
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67 Under-utilisation of immigrants
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69 Figure 1.18. Share of foreign-bo
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71 the countries that attract the m
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73 both the public and private sect
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75 figures in the THES rankings of
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77 (FORA, 2008). This is in line wi
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79 most other OECD countries (OECD,
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81 Several OECD countries score bet
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83 fewest procedures in the world f
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85 recorded in the OECD (OECD, 1999
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87 50 000 population; New Zealand:
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89 ensuring that these 38 000 dwell
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91 progress has been made - the lev
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93 the region‘s groundwater aquif
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95 rising sea levels (which could r
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Car theft per 1000 inhabitants (200
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99 challenges, such as delays and c
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101 Figure 1.34. Congestion in sele
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immigrants and students, who enter
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105 8 Copenhagen metropolitan regio
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107 ranking rates 200 universities
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109 32 One notable exception is the
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111 44 Københavns Energi (Copenhag
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114 governments and the majority of
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116 main challenges for the region
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118 Box 2.1. Economic linkages betw
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120 technicians. Since the Structur
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122 Figure 2.1. Denmark’s plannin
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124 by openness, quality consciousn
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126 2.3 Skills policies Recent labo
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128 exams. This system gives univer
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130 municipality, which in principl
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132 intention of developing and spr
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134 highly skilled migrants. Such p
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136 the effectiveness of innovation
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138 they suggest that exploratory r
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140 bureaucratic. First-tier fundin
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142 The priority on high-growth ent
Page 144 and 145: 144 Creative entrepreneurship Preli
Page 146 and 147: 146 therefore be targeted at these
Page 148 and 149: 148 A current constraint in busines
Page 150 and 151: 150 2009 will provide some first in
Page 152 and 153: 152 Box 2.4. Ørestad development-I
Page 154 and 155: 154 dealing with the expected incre
Page 156 and 157: 156 but it does not have clear prio
Page 158 and 159: 158 In designing a detailed scheme
Page 160 and 161: 160 of demand management tool in th
Page 162 and 163: 162 elasticity of short-distance lo
Page 164 and 165: 164 bridge construction but for stu
Page 166 and 167: 166 The consequence of the Fehmarn
Page 168 and 169: 168 Local and national housing poli
Page 170 and 171: 170 increased by approximately 40%
Page 172 and 173: 172 disproportionately affected. Th
Page 174 and 175: 174 in Denmark (Andersen, 2008). Mu
Page 176 and 177: 176 Given the diversity of the buil
Page 178 and 179: 178 them from implementing more pro
Page 180 and 181: 180 guidelines in the forthcoming C
Page 182 and 183: 182 A wide range of environmental i
Page 184 and 185: 184 Denmark's National Board of Hea
Page 186 and 187: 186 conditions, and natural ventila
Page 188 and 189: 188 mandated to integrate respect f
Page 190 and 191: 190 with a further EUR 220 million
Page 192 and 193: 192 inter-linkages between economic
Page 196 and 197: 196 schools, teachers and pedagogue
Page 198 and 199: 198 17 In 1997, the average price f
Page 200 and 201: 200 literature and case law that mu
Page 202 and 203: 202 eco-project that will be showca
Page 205 and 206: 205 Chapter 3: metropolitan governa
Page 207 and 208: 207 regional level, the 16 existing
Page 209 and 210: 209 and education. Expenditure for
Page 211 and 212: 211 Administrative boundaries do no
Page 213 and 214: 213 Figure 3.5. Dominance of the co
Page 215 and 216: 215 airport, a new metro line betwe
Page 217 and 218: 217 instruments, it has funds at it
Page 219 and 220: 219 Box 3.3. Relations between metr
Page 221 and 222: 221 Figure 3.6. Under-representatio
Page 223 and 224: 223 Authority, set up to deal with
Page 225 and 226: 225 providing services to other mun
Page 227 and 228: 227 municipalities in Copenhagen wa
Page 229 and 230: 229 3.4 Political leadership The Ci
Page 231 and 232: 231 mayors; permitting only the eco
Page 233 and 234: 233 While international migration m
Page 235 and 236: 235 Human resources management in t
Page 237 and 238: 237 developed, notably by the natio
Page 239 and 240: This governance framework poses cha
Page 241 and 242: 241 Annex 1: Conceptual Framework T
Page 243 and 244: 243 over 1980-2003, confirm the pre
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245 efficiency of the labour market
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247 population growth was strongly
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249 specialised places are better s
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251 trend can mainly be explained b
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253 partnerships between firms and
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255 workers. Even though relative p
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257 indicators such as GDP per capi
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259 institutional proxies of commun
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261 Bibliography Acs, Z. and C. Arm
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263 Bikes Belong (2008), ―Bicycli
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265 CBS (2005e), A Mapping of Danis
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267 City of Vancouver (2007), ―Re
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269 Demographia (2008), ―4th Annu
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271 Faugert, S. et al. (2004), ―E
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273 Gyourko, J. and J. Tracy (1989)
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275 Konkurrencestyrelsen (2004), Ko
Page 277 and 278:
277 Meijiers and Romeim (2003) ―R
Page 279 and 280:
279 OECD (1996), Innovative Policie
Page 281 and 282:
281 Rappaport, J. and J. Sachs (200
Page 283 and 284:
283 Statistics Denmark (2008) ―IN
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