Territorial Review Copenhagen - Region Hovedstaden

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98 Copenhagen benefits from a fair share of urban amenities. Copenhagen has some fine cultural institutions, such as museums, theatres, galleries and the recently constructed opera and library. A new theatre (Skuespilhuset) recently opened, along with a state-of-the-art concert hall in the Ørestad. The neighborhood of Christiania is often proclaimed for its public art and Bohemian atmosphere. Much care has been devoted to providing highquality public space throughout Copenhagen, for example by gradually making the historical centre of Copenhagen car-free (Gehl and Gemzøe, 2002). The satisfaction of Copenhageners with their urban environment was reflected in the above-mentioned European Commission survey, which documented that 60% were satisfied with the ―quality of public transport‖ and 70% were satisfied with ―health care services offered by hospitals‖. Copenhagen has a share of Michelin-starred restaurants per capita that is above the average for OECD metropolitan areas. Residents in Copenhagen enjoy a high level of human development and gender equity. Gender equity in Denmark also scores highly: though Denmark still needs to make progress in pay equity, women receive 73% of the salary for the same work than men do, higher than several countries in the OECD, including Switzerland (63%), Germany (58%) and Italy (47%) (United Nations Development Programme, 2007). 1.4.5 Transport infrastructure Copenhagen has good transport infrastructure, with a capacity that compares well with other European cities‘. Although one would expect railway and highway capacity to substitute each other to some extent a comparison of capacity in large cities in Europe shows that they are positively correlated (Figure 1.33). Copenhagen appears to have a relatively more developed railway capacity. The capacity of the railway network, defined as the number of meters of railway track per 1 000 inhabitants, is high in Copenhagen in comparison with many European cities. Highway capacity is average in Copenhagen, but lower than several European cities, such as Randstad, Barcelona and London. 46 Road efficiency in Copenhagen appears not to be particularly high. This indicator expresses how many passenger kilometres are travelled annually per kilometre of road. Several European cities score higher on this score. There are some signs that public transit capacity is saturated. In terms of rail, capacity on the regional train line (S-line) appears almost fully used according to the Ministry of Transport and Energy, and the rail capacity on remaining rail lines is strained. Seven out of the ten sections of railway lines carrying over 200 trains every day are located in Copenhagen (Statistics Denmark, 2008b). In particular, the radial network puts pressure on the central Boulevard line. This concentration results in major operational
99 challenges, such as delays and cancellations; in 2006, 10.8% of all S-line departures were delayed and 3.5% were cancelled. At the same time, passenger figures for the S-train (regional train) are predicted to increase by 34% by 2020. Despite the expected gap in supply and demand, government has been investing in the road network much more than in rail network, and this disparity is increasing. 47 Figure 1.33. Railway and highway capacity in selected OECD metropolitan areas (2006) Source: TNO (2007), Randstad Monitor 2007, Delft. The unit of analysis is the metropolitan area. The automobile far outstrips other modes of transport in the wider Copenhagen metropolitan area. Public transport accounts for only around
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Territorial Review Copenhagen Preli
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3 Acknowledgements This Review was
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5 Table of contents Chapter 1: The
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7 Assessment and Recommendations Co
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9 Its international ranking is mixe
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11 The lack of skill is of paramoun
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13 qualifications of immigrants and
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15 more than twice average full-tim
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17 Commercialisation of research co
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19 surpassed only by Spain and Swed
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21 in the suburban periphery, while
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23 emissions by 25% since 1990 and
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25 and the other municipalities in
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27 instruments at its disposal. A s
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29 Chapter 1: The competitiveness o
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31 Figure 1.2. Map of Copenhagen an
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33 other areas in Denmark are more
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35 Figure 1.5. Map of Copenhagen an
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37 Figure 1.7. Regional GDP in % of
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39 Copenhagen plays a crucial role
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41 Figure 1.8. Monthly unemployment
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43 Figure 1.10. Co-patents between
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45 Table 1.4. Employment and value-
Page 47 and 48: 47 Table 1.6. Overview of studies o
Page 49 and 50: 49 capital. As Table 1.7 shows, the
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Page 53 and 54: 53 Potential of a more integrated
Page 55 and 56: 55 Figure 1.12. Economic growth in
Page 57 and 58: 57 If a broader definition of econo
Page 59 and 60: 59 …but is only moderately succes
Page 61 and 62: 61 Region. The variation in tertiar
Page 63 and 64: 63 Education and skills Education o
Page 65 and 66: 65 Øresund as part of the solution
Page 67 and 68: 67 Under-utilisation of immigrants
Page 69 and 70: 69 Figure 1.18. Share of foreign-bo
Page 71 and 72: 71 the countries that attract the m
Page 73 and 74: 73 both the public and private sect
Page 75 and 76: 75 figures in the THES rankings of
Page 77 and 78: 77 (FORA, 2008). This is in line wi
Page 79 and 80: 79 most other OECD countries (OECD,
Page 81 and 82: 81 Several OECD countries score bet
Page 83 and 84: 83 fewest procedures in the world f
Page 85 and 86: 85 recorded in the OECD (OECD, 1999
Page 87 and 88: 87 50 000 population; New Zealand:
Page 89 and 90: 89 ensuring that these 38 000 dwell
Page 91 and 92: 91 progress has been made - the lev
Page 93 and 94: 93 the region‘s groundwater aquif
Page 95 and 96: 95 rising sea levels (which could r
Page 97: Car theft per 1000 inhabitants (200
Page 101 and 102: 101 Figure 1.34. Congestion in sele
Page 103 and 104: immigrants and students, who enter
Page 105 and 106: 105 8 Copenhagen metropolitan regio
Page 107 and 108: 107 ranking rates 200 universities
Page 109 and 110: 109 32 One notable exception is the
Page 111: 111 44 Københavns Energi (Copenhag
Page 114 and 115: 114 governments and the majority of
Page 116 and 117: 116 main challenges for the region
Page 118 and 119: 118 Box 2.1. Economic linkages betw
Page 120 and 121: 120 technicians. Since the Structur
Page 122 and 123: 122 Figure 2.1. Denmark’s plannin
Page 124 and 125: 124 by openness, quality consciousn
Page 126 and 127: 126 2.3 Skills policies Recent labo
Page 128 and 129: 128 exams. This system gives univer
Page 130 and 131: 130 municipality, which in principl
Page 132 and 133: 132 intention of developing and spr
Page 134 and 135: 134 highly skilled migrants. Such p
Page 136 and 137: 136 the effectiveness of innovation
Page 138 and 139: 138 they suggest that exploratory r
Page 140 and 141: 140 bureaucratic. First-tier fundin
Page 142 and 143: 142 The priority on high-growth ent
Page 144 and 145: 144 Creative entrepreneurship Preli
Page 146 and 147: 146 therefore be targeted at these
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148 A current constraint in busines
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150 2009 will provide some first in
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152 Box 2.4. Ørestad development-I
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154 dealing with the expected incre
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156 but it does not have clear prio
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158 In designing a detailed scheme
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160 of demand management tool in th
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162 elasticity of short-distance lo
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164 bridge construction but for stu
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166 The consequence of the Fehmarn
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168 Local and national housing poli
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170 increased by approximately 40%
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172 disproportionately affected. Th
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174 in Denmark (Andersen, 2008). Mu
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176 Given the diversity of the buil
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178 them from implementing more pro
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180 guidelines in the forthcoming C
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182 A wide range of environmental i
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184 Denmark's National Board of Hea
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186 conditions, and natural ventila
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188 mandated to integrate respect f
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190 with a further EUR 220 million
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192 inter-linkages between economic
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194 Although these national framewo
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196 schools, teachers and pedagogue
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198 17 In 1997, the average price f
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200 literature and case law that mu
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202 eco-project that will be showca
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205 Chapter 3: metropolitan governa
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207 regional level, the 16 existing
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209 and education. Expenditure for
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211 Administrative boundaries do no
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213 Figure 3.5. Dominance of the co
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215 airport, a new metro line betwe
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217 instruments, it has funds at it
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219 Box 3.3. Relations between metr
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221 Figure 3.6. Under-representatio
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223 Authority, set up to deal with
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225 providing services to other mun
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227 municipalities in Copenhagen wa
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229 3.4 Political leadership The Ci
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231 mayors; permitting only the eco
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233 While international migration m
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235 Human resources management in t
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237 developed, notably by the natio
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This governance framework poses cha
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241 Annex 1: Conceptual Framework T
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243 over 1980-2003, confirm the pre
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245 efficiency of the labour market
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247 population growth was strongly
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249 specialised places are better s
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251 trend can mainly be explained b
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253 partnerships between firms and
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255 workers. Even though relative p
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257 indicators such as GDP per capi
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259 institutional proxies of commun
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261 Bibliography Acs, Z. and C. Arm
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263 Bikes Belong (2008), ―Bicycli
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265 CBS (2005e), A Mapping of Danis
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267 City of Vancouver (2007), ―Re
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269 Demographia (2008), ―4th Annu
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271 Faugert, S. et al. (2004), ―E
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273 Gyourko, J. and J. Tracy (1989)
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275 Konkurrencestyrelsen (2004), Ko
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277 Meijiers and Romeim (2003) ―R
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279 OECD (1996), Innovative Policie
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281 Rappaport, J. and J. Sachs (200
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283 Statistics Denmark (2008) ―IN
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Territorial Review Copenhagen - Region Hovedstaden

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