A Case Study in NASA-DoD - The Black Vault

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-107- RANGE OF BIDS Item Range ($ thousands) Ratio S-band transmitter 29.1-39.8 1:1.37 Magnetometers 17.7-25.7 1:1.45 Rocket motor assembly 21.2-31.8 1:1.50 Louvers 9.6-28.1 1:2.93 Command decoder and remote command processor 62.3-1188.0 1:19.1 PCM encoder 21.4-611.0 1:28.6 component price is highly dependent on quantity procured, i.e., the quantity ordered at one time, not the total quantity over time. The table below shows what may be an extreme case, but it illustrates a point on which vendors agree--six S-band transponders bought one at a time will cost substantially more than six procured in one buy. INFLUENCE OF SIZE OF BUY ON COST Unit Price Cost-Reduction Buy ($) (%) 1 306,000 0 2 294,000 3.9 3 267,000 12.7 4 227,000 25.8 The same principle obtains at the system level, but the cost there is more a function of production rate than quantity. A manufacturer may have a fixed, sustaining cost of, say, $1 million per year whether he builds one spacecraft or four. The hypothetical example below illustrates the effect of rate in such a situation. Annual Rate Sustaining Cost per Spacecraft 1 1,000,000 2 500,000 3 333,333 4 250,000
!I -108- ( The equation used to adjust recurring costs for quantity effects was: f -l .8 + 1.97 n where f = adjustment factor applied to cost n - total number of spacecraft procured f = 1 if n c 10. Cost-Estimating Equations AEM Cumulative cost f 2.28 n (f). STPSS Spin f2.866 f n + 1.743 fI n 1 Low-cost - 2.866 f n + 2.812 f 2 n 2 Precision = 2.866 f n + 3.995 f 3 n 3 MMS where Regular: n = number of core modules n= number of spin models n = number of low-cost modules n = number of precision modules. Cumulative cost - 8.965 n1 f SPS-I = 9.350 n 2 f Calculation of f includes 20 MMS procured by NASA over 10-year period. L-AEM Baseline: Precision Cumulative cost - 4.815 n 1 f - 5.678 n 2 f Spin - 3.706 n 3 f. The remainder of Appendix A consists of tables showing estimated 10-year program costs of spacecraft and shuttle launches for various procurement options.
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LEYEL r o R-2619-RC May 1980 Standa
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SECUNITY CLASSIFICATION OF Twa PAGE
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Standard 5pacecraft.ProcurementL_ A
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-ivas representing the official vie
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the missions required. Third, the p
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I gratefully acknow
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-xii- VI. APPLYING THE NASA-DOD COO
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-. - am~rumn -xv- TABLES 1. Nominal
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-Xvii- 11-19. Case IV(N)...........
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-xx- L-ANX - Large Diameter Applica
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-1- I. INTRODUCTION The National Ae
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-3- development. Finally, the polic
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-5- of which spacecraft would enabl
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-7- II. U.S. SPACE PROGRAM: DEVELOP
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-9- thought. (8 ) The launching of
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-1- had shown great alarm or acknow
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-13- for other purposes. ,(15) it w
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-15- and that determination as to w
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-17- program and the coordination o
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t -19- legislation, messages, petit
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-21- of the continuing Soviet accom
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-23- Subsequently, the Director of
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-25- to be asked by one of the agen
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-27- space systems; operational sys
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-29- no near-earth orbit manned ope
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ImP, ~ ~ ~~~~ ......... ~~~~~~~~~~~
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-33- 5. Using off-the-shelf, space-
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-35- 1. Spacecraft configurations a
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-37- STANDARD SPACECRAFT DESCRIPTIO
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-39- The payload cluster, while uni
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-41- payload or propulsion, is abou
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-43- z z 0 0 - 0r CL 0 E 4 41- u- 0
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-45- The STPSS can carry a nominal
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i -47- orbit-adjust module, while t
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-49- M9IS The basic MMS, summarized
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-51- 1980-1990 time period are divi
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-53- about 7.5 payloads per spacecr
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-55- 0- - - - - - - - - - cc - - -
Page 78 and 79: -57- STPSS (STPSS-LC) spacecraft ca
Page 80 and 81: -59- Table 7 ESTIMATED UNIT 1 COST
Page 82 and 83: -61- Nonrecurring Costs. Nonrecurri
Page 84 and 85: -63- where SRU = Service Rendered U
Page 86 and 87: -65- IV. STANDARD SPACECRAFT ACQUIS
Page 88 and 89: -67- The costs associated with thes
Page 90 and 91: -69- to increase to 13. That was fo
Page 92 and 93: -71- 500 * STPSS 400 AW-STPSS PROGR
Page 94 and 95: -73- The implications of the forego
Page 96 and 97: -75- option. Other candidates becom
Page 98 and 99: -77- the Air Force's Space Test Pro
Page 100 and 101: -79- decrease any total program cos
Page 102 and 103: -81- COST LAUNCH COSTS (Millions of
Page 104 and 105: -83- V. NASA-DOD COOPERATION: ORGAN
Page 106 and 107: -85- the MHS program stemmed from t
Page 108 and 109: -87- The Air Force had studied the
Page 110 and 111: -89- Air Force Headquarters to NASA
Page 112 and 113: -91- turns out, NASA had agreed to
Page 114 and 115: also evaluate whether or not adequa
Page 116 and 117: -95- design, mission model, cost es
Page 118 and 119: -97- Force interface was retained,
Page 120 and 121: -99- experience and by identifying
Page 122 and 123: . . . . . . . -.. . . . . . . . . .
Page 124 and 125: -103- the nation and other governme
Page 126 and 127: -105- Appendix A ESTIMATES OF COST
Page 130 and 131: -109- Table A-1 SPACECRAFT COSTS--N
Page 132 and 133: 'I FI Table A-2 SPACECRAFT COSTS WI
Page 134 and 135: -113- Table A-3 LAUNCH COSTS--NOMIN
Page 136 and 137: -115- Table A-5 LAUNCH COSTS FOR TH
Page 138 and 139: Table B-I POWER SYSTEM COMPARISONS
Page 140 and 141: -119- NOTES TO TABLE B-I (Cont.) mo
Page 142 and 143: -121- The duration of the data pass
Page 144 and 145: -123- INNNU AWA n -. s vo (I T 'API
Page 146 and 147: -125- each battery has its own char
Page 148 and 149: -127- Table B-2 POWER SUMMARY Chara
Page 150 and 151: -129- Appendix C COMMUNICATIONS AND
Page 152 and 153: -131- chiefly for storing commands
Page 154 and 155: -133- Table C-2 C&DH CHANGES REQUIR
Page 156 and 157: -135- Table C-3 C&DH CHANGES REQUIR
Page 158 and 159: -137- NOTES TO TABLE C-3 (Cont.) we
Page 160 and 161: - 139- Table D-1 ATTITUDE CONTROL A
Page 162 and 163: * -141- and three reaction wheels a
Page 164 and 165: -143- by the commonly adopted desig
Page 166 and 167: -145- Table E-l--Continued I Unit T
Page 168 and 169: -147- flight-proven elastomeric dia
Page 170 and 171: -149- Appendix F STRUCTURAL SUBSYST
Page 172 and 173: -151- points are provided by three
Page 174 and 175: -153- Table F-2 STPSS STRUCTURAL CO
Page 176 and 177: -155- Appendix G THERMAL CONTROL SU
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-157- sunlight. These surfaces incl
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-159- Appendix H PROGRAM OPTIONS FO
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I 4 I IQ. w ~ w 01 " 1 I I I I 0 .c
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-163- Table H-4 ORBIT 2: PAYLOAD AS
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-165- c0 k- c" Q N 3- W 0 0 IT -- c
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-167- Table 1-7 CASE I (A)a PROGRAM
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-169- Table H-9 CASES I (K) AND V (
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-171- Table H-11 CASE II(B) PROGRAM
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-173- Table H-13 CASE 111(C) PROGRA
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-175- Table H-15 CASE 111(M) PROGRA
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-177- Table H-17 CASE IV(D) PROGRAM
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-17 9- Table H-19 CASE IV(N) PROGRA
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-181- Table Hi-21 CASE V (E) PROGRA
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-183- Table H-23 CASE VI(F) PROGRAM
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-185- Appendix J AIR FORCE AND NASA
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MEMORANDUM OF AGRE1MENT ON THE PROC
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-189- 2.2 DOD SPACE TEST PROGRAM: T
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-191- l4.1.7 STP will review the HF
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I -193- 5.0 NASA AND DOD FINANCIAL
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-195- 5.4.3 Post Delivery Phase: NA
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I '-197- $4 .0 0 A 0 f-4 ;C:ur 0 V
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t 4 In I Io H 0p Ad ~t m 00 -199- E
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-201- COPIED August 24, 1976 Honora
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-204- 13. "The National Space Progr
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-206- 39. Tec hnical vpoaal for a M
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