Warriors in Peace Operations - Strategic Studies Institute - U.S. Army

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egion that displayed the current unit locations of warring factions. In short, the potential employment in Bosnia was a constant in the life of the battalion. The battalion combat team’s frequent deployments to Grafenwoehr and to the Combat Maneuver Training Center (CMTC) in Hohenfels, Germany, focused on the battalion’s essential tasks for a combat or a peace enforcement mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Our first CMTC rotation in September 1994 was designed around our core Mission Essential Task List (METL) of deliberate attack, movement to contact, and defend. The CMTC rotation coupled with a follow-on training phase at Grafenwoehr provided the battalion 45 days of near continuous training in our fundamental warfighting tasks. After additional home station training in Italy and a break over the Christmas– New Year holidays, the Blue Falcons deployed to Germany in February 1995 for another CMTC rotation. The second CMTC rotation and the follow-on Grafenwoehr training phase focused upon the battalion combat team’s unique mission essential tasks: conduct a parachute assault, conduct air assault, and conduct non-combatant evacuation operations (NEO). We also integrated supporting small-unit collective tasks common to peace enforcement missions, such as establish a checkpoint. The Blue Falcons had executed two intensive training cycles, each over 40 days in length, that trained all of the battalion’s Mission Essential Tasks to standard in less than 7 months. However, when the Blue Falcons returned to Italy in late March 1995, we did not realize that our training pace was about to gain greater momentum. In June 1995 the battalion combat team was alerted to conduct an extraction of encircled U.N. forces in Srebrenica or Gorazde. The United Nations Protection Forces (UNPROFOR) established these “safe havens” within Bosnia-Herzegovina to protect surrounded Muslim populations. However, the Serb forces continued to press 34
their advance around the safe havens, threatening the safety of both the populace and the UNPROFOR. In order to prepare for the extraction mission the battalion combat team deployed to the Grafenwoehr training center with its habitual higher headquarters, the LION Brigade and SETAF. The plan to extract the UNPROFOR from the endangered safe havens was very complex. The operation included a night time helicopter insertion and extraction with a 2-hour flight each way across the Adriatic Sea and over hostile Bosnian airspace. At the peak period, 98 aircraft were in flight along several flight corridors. Over the next 3 weeks the battalion combat team, as the ground combat element of TF LION (SETAF headquarters and the Lion Brigade), conducted four complete rehearsals, 2 day and 2 night rehearsals, of the extraction of UNPROFOR from the Srebrenica enclave. These rehearsals were controlled and evaluated by Headquarters, V Corps, and subordinate units. They included live-fire exercises and were executed employing realistic flight times by placing refuel points and objectives areas in distant locations within Germany (Kitzingen, Grafenwoehr, and Hohenfels). The night live-fire iterations included Apache, AC-130, and Air Force close air support. By the end of this rehearsal phase the units at the point of the bayonet—the company teams of the Blue Falcons—had executed the air insertion, actions on the objective area, and the extraction 24 times. Following the night certification exercises, we were ready to execute the mission. Initially, our movement to an Intermediate Staging Base (ISB) was considered, but we redeployed to Vicenza to await an execute order. The situation in Bosnia continued to deteriorate, and the battalion was alerted again in late August to extract the UNPROFOR. Once again, we deployed to Germany and conducted refresher training to ensure proficiency in our essential tasks and then redeployed to Italy. Again, the execution order did not come. 35
Page 1 and 2: WARRIORS IN PEACE OPERATIONS Edited
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS FOREWORD .................
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD The Personal Experience Mo
Page 7 and 8: seldom practiced. The actual practi
Page 9 and 10: BATTALION COMMAND I assumed command
Page 11 and 12: all training, maintenance, and othe
Page 13 and 14: company training and log efforts, a
Page 15 and 16: the USAREUR staff was thought up an
Page 17 and 18: new times. Ops Center at the battal
Page 19 and 20: like the Jewish exodus wandering ar
Page 21 and 22: marvelous job of coordinating the e
Page 23 and 24: it. They did not want us there or n
Page 25 and 26: containers as well. I told him I un
Page 27 and 28: promptly chambered a round in his p
Page 29 and 30: techniques, we found the railhead a
Page 31 and 32: answer. He quickly made himself and
Page 33 and 34: Tacsat systems with two independent
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 3 THE BLUE FALCONS IN BOSNI
Page 37: monograph. My omission of such elem
Page 41 and 42: unusual. In today’s environment,
Page 43 and 44: He also provided his timeline for J
Page 45 and 46: Within about an hour I was reminded
Page 47 and 48: eter. Even along these paths, I had
Page 49 and 50: for deployment. The pre-deployment
Page 51 and 52: a rehearsal for leaders, using a ve
Page 53 and 54: • Heavy weapons platoon from E Co
Page 55 and 56: The Blue Falcons exited the aircraf
Page 57 and 58: esponsibility for the base security
Page 59 and 60: sandbagged for force protection. Th
Page 61 and 62: Weather continued to deteriorate ov
Page 63 and 64: east-west roads crossing the Zone o
Page 65 and 66: needed from his forces. This coordi
Page 67 and 68: This COP was manned by a reinforced
Page 69 and 70: attalion commander was executing a
Page 71 and 72: creativity in accomplishing every a
Page 73 and 74: On February 11, TF 3-325 began coor
Page 75: their security. Hence, the title em
Page 88 and 89:
deployed with the battalion to the
Page 90 and 91:
at a confrontation going on at a ch
Page 92 and 93:
he was deadly serious. I was convin
Page 94 and 95:
As I reflected on the emotions I wa
Page 96 and 97:
three times. The first time some ke
Page 98 and 99:
pressure, intensity, and rigor of a
Page 100 and 101:
gaining the sense of teamwork and s
Page 102 and 103:
from 4-67, and now three tank plato
Page 104 and 105:
Although the setup had changed in t
Page 106 and 107:
trains per day to that point, thus
Page 108 and 109:
soldier why there were differences
Page 110 and 111:
One piece of frustrated cargo defin
Page 112 and 113:
soldiers who deployed into an area
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support. After several false starts
Page 116 and 117:
Group leaders, who were not paid pr
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Another lesson I learned was the ve
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We also developed a rotational gunn
Page 122 and 123:
CHAPTER 5 COMMANDING A FIELD ARTILL
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Target Acquisition Battery (B/25 FA
Page 126 and 127:
Rather than the anticipated three w
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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY HEADQUARTERS
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usiness taking their husbands away
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transportation, shopping, and perso
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were required to carry these 12 rul
Page 139 and 140:
The remaining combat elements of Ch
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As we departed Baumholder, I felt c
Page 143 and 144:
140
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Figure 7. 1st Armored Division AOR.
Page 147 and 148:
forcing Service Battery to expend a
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Zvornik to regain control of the se
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likely a key storage site for a mec
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deployment. When offered the opport
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was due to retire from the Russian
Page 157 and 158:
equipment for turn-in both at Baumh
Page 159 and 160:
assume the FSG advisor role for the
Page 161 and 162:
assigned weapons. It was a great co
Page 163 and 164:
This created a daily stop at every
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(at all times) and constant reporti
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CONCLUSION The opportunity for batt
Page 169 and 170:
A. He did not countermand the major
Page 171 and 172:
CHAPTER 6 THE 28TH TRANSPORTATION B
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deactivation of the 53rd Transporta
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factors allowing us to stay ahead o
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drivers could not operate a motor v
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tied up with A/DACGS, CSCs, EAGLE E
Page 181 and 182:
heat I received from the families b
Page 183 and 184:
260th TTD relied entirely on the 28
Page 185 and 186:
When I split my battalion headquart
Page 187 and 188:
no IG or congressional inquiries re
Page 189 and 190:
unit home to Wuerzburg, Germany. Un
Page 191 and 192:
Drivers were also beginning to show
Page 193 and 194:
unnecessary wear and tear on his un
Page 195 and 196:
mileage during my first year in com
Page 197 and 198:
logistics operations in support of
Page 199 and 200:
The 127th ASB is a Combat Service S
Page 201 and 202:
along with a myriad of situations t
Page 203 and 204:
the battalion movement was not sche
Page 205 and 206:
INITIAL SUPPORT OPERATIONS, ISB Aft
Page 207 and 208:
SUPPORT PLAN The aviation brigade w
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commander while assigned to the 1AD
Page 211 and 212:
The ground/air refuel and supply fu
Page 213 and 214:
Force protection became a necessary
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military. As early as 1993, some si
Page 217 and 218:
command, because the National Comma
Page 219 and 220:
soldiers up at 1130 for a formal se
Page 221 and 222:
actions—all at the same time. Onc
Page 223 and 224:
eing, load-bearing equipment (LBE)
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teams and had one team erect the EM
Page 227 and 228:
was ours. Once we received this add
Page 229 and 230:
hospital area and our consequent ab
Page 231 and 232:
our soldiers in a U.S. facility, bu
Page 233 and 234:
• Treated 19,899 Outpatients •
Page 235 and 236:
and Steve Walker, commanders of the
Page 237 and 238:
the unique tasks required for the u
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could do to change it now. The good
Page 241 and 242:
THE SUBORDINATE REAR DETACHMENT COM
Page 243 and 244:
to Grafenwoehr for deployment-speci
Page 245 and 246:
Those were some of the major missio
Page 247 and 248:
kept track of the classified inform
Page 249 and 250:
considerable time updating the book
Page 251 and 252:
Fortunately, we never had to deal w
Page 253 and 254:
• Good rear detachment commanders
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AFTERWORD Dr. Douglas V. Johnson II
Page 257 and 258:
Colin Powell’s philosophy—we we
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