Conducting a Participatory Situation Analysis of.pdf - Global HIV ...

Ratio: Relationship in quantity, amount, or size between
two or more things.
Ratio scale: Type of continuous variable where values
have a meaningful “zero” equivalent (e.g., weight and
height).
Raw data: Data that are not polished, finished, or in a
processed form (e.g., interview transcripts, quantitative
survey data before being cleaned for analysis).
Reading: Analysis step referring to reading and re-reading
each set of notes or transcripts until one is intimately
familiar with the content.
Referral services: Services that can refer individuals to
appropriate places for care.
Refusal bias: Bias that arises when those who refuse to
participate in a survey have different behaviors than
those who agree to participate.
Reliability:Extent to which scores obtained on a measure are
reproducible in repeated administrations (providing all relevant
measurement conditions are the same).
Relief: To provide direct assistance to affected individuals
and families to meet urgent needs.
Representative (adjective): Extent to which collected
data accurately describe the target population for a
program.
Response code: Code given to the individual responses
that a participant can choose from when completing a
questionnaire, survey, and such.
Result: Consequence or conclusion of a project.
Sample: Part of the population selected to represent the
whole population.
Sample size: Number of sample elements from which
one must collect data for the evaluation findings to be
statistically significant.
Sampling: Process and techniques of studying part of
something to gain information about the whole (e.g.,
a population).
Sampling design: Defines the universe and domains for
a survey, the sample size requirements, the number
and size of clusters or data collections sites, and other
major steps of the sampling strategy.
Sampling frame: List of all relevant sample elements
that are used to select a sample. Sampling frames
should include all elements in the target population.
Sampling methodology: Particular procedure or set of
procedures followed while sampling.
School enrollment status: Whether or not a child is
currently in school at the time of the survey.
Scope: Extent of activity undertaken in a monitoring
and evaluation effort.
Secondary data: Data that are already available
through recent surveys, qualitative community
research, or administrative reports.
Secretarial/logistics staff: Provide administrative support,
note-taking during focus group discussions, and
transcription of focus group discussions.
Selection bias: Bias that arises when the behaviors (or
characteristics) of individuals who actually participate
in a survey are not representative of the characteristics
of the population as a whole.
Semi-structured interview tools: Tools that contain
some structure but use open-ended questions to facilitate
discussion.
Significance:Determination that differences observed in
data, however small or large, were not due to chance.
Simple random sampling: Type of sampling method
where elements are chosen at random so that each element
has an equal chance of selection.
Site visit: Pre-arranged visit by supervisors or evaluators
to program locations, usually to conduct monitoring
or process evaluation.
Situation analysis: Analysis that provides a contextual
overview of a particular condition at a given point in
time. A situation analysis can be implemented nationally,
regionally, or in specific geographic areas. It is a
process of gathering, analyzing, and using information
to guide planning and mobilize action.
Situation Analysis Advisory Team: Team to guide
the situation analysis process and ensure that its
results are used to improve activities for orphans
and vulnerable children.
Situation Analysis Manager: One who oversees the
“big picture” and quality control of the situation
analysis.
Skip and filter instructions: Instructions used to determine
the response set flow (or response set order) of a
questionnaire. Skip and filter instructions, respectively,
determine (based on the specified criteria, such as a
respondent’s answer to a previous response set) where
the next response set in the questionnaire is located and
whether a particular response set should be asked.
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Guidelines and Tools