Conducting a Participatory Situation Analysis of.pdf - Global HIV ...

Social desirability bias: Bias that arises when a survey
participant decides to say what is socially acceptable or
agreeable to the interviewer when questioned about
certain, usually sensitive, issues.
Sociodemographic: Pertaining to characteristics of an
individual’s, group’s, or population’s gender, age, education,
income or economic status, place of residence,
marital status, ethnicity, and employment.
Socioeconomic: Of, relating to, or involving a combination
of social and economic factors.
Stakeholders: Persons outside the immediate program
staff who have an interest and role in program functions
and activities.
Standardized interviews: Interviews that follow a set
format and contain standardized questions. Technique
often used when data are to be compared or when
looking for patterns.
Standardized question: Question for which a closed
or limited set of responses is possible.
Standardized survey: Survey in which the questions,
format, and administration methods do not change.
The advantage of a standardized survey is that it has
been well researched, and is known to assess characteristics
related to individual, organizational, or program
effectiveness. In addition, a standardized survey may
contain data that have been collected from multiple
sources, which allows for normative comparisons. A
standardized survey typically covers topics that are of
interest to most organizations, such as job satisfaction,
perceptions of on-the-job safety, or trust in senior management.
Statistical confidence: Confidence one has of statistical
significance after calculating confidence intervals
around the variable.
Statistical significance: Determination that experimental
results are not likely to be due to chance, or
are not attributable to fluctuations associated with
random sampling procedures.
Statistics: Numerical facts that are systematically collected,
organized, and presented in a special way.
Survey: Instrument that collects factual information
from multiple respondents.
Survey instrument: Tool (e.g., surveys and questionnaires)
that aids in conducting a thorough survey of a
population.
Survey method: Techniques or procedure used to
obtain information, often about a human population.
Survey and questionnaire: Systematic interviews of
either the entire population or a representative sample
of the population that can be generalized to produce
quantitative information about the target population.
Questionnaires contain standardized questions for
which a closed or limited set of responses is possible.
Systematic sampling: Type of sampling method in
which the first element is chosen at random.
Subsequent elements are chosen using a fixed interval
(e.g., every 10th element) until one reaches the
desired sample size.
t-test: Statistical test involving confidence limits for the
random variable t of a t distribution. Used especially in
testing hypotheses about means of normal distributions
when the standard deviations are unknown.
Table: Graphic presentation of facts and numbers in an
orderly fashion, usually in columns and rows, so that
they can be more easily understood.
Technical Lead: One who oversees data collection,
analysis, and preliminary reporting of findings of a situation
analysis.
Total orphans: Total number of all children under age 18
whose natural mothers, fathers, or both, have died.
Transcribe: Write out verbatim a tape-recorded conversation.
Transcript: Verbatim written record of what was said;
for example, between an interviewer and respondents
during a focus group discussion or interview.
Triangulation of data: Process of bringing different
types of data together to build a more dimensional
description of an analysis finding.
Understate: Represent as less than is the case.
Unobtrusive observation: Type of observation in
which the person being observed is not aware that
they are being watched for the purpose of collecting
data on their behavior.
Validate: Support or corroborate on a sound or authoritative
basis.
Validity: Ability of a study design to measure the “true”
impact of a program or intervention.
Variable: Aspect of a person, population, or behavior that
can be measured or recorded (e.g., age or food intake).
Conducting a Participatory Situation Analysis of
Orphans and Vulnerable Children Affected by HIV/AIDS
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