building the american landscape - Univerza v Novi Gorici

More documents

Recommendations

Info

We have tried to do so by suggesting an approach which is not strictly academic, but which presupposes the evolution of the concept of landscape with its numerous twists and turns. We are well aware that the actions and the projects analyzed in the course of the following pages cannot be extrapolated from the context of the political, intellectual and artistic developments throughout America during the nineteenth century up to the beginning of the twentieth century. 8
The first America A short premise is required to place the first events of exploration and settlement of the coastal territories of North America into context. The historiography and sociological and political literature about American city have dissected and analysed in detail the decisive aspects of the first colonial settlements on the Atlantic coast. Philological expertise has now reconstructed how the first settlements were founded and their significance derives naturally from the economic role played by the formation of the colonial empires of France, Spain and above all England. Thus, the foundation of the first towns was based for practical and symbolic reasons on concepts of Europe’s experiences of town planning. Traditional town planning in the Old World was, therefore, the background on which to root multiple needs and stimuli, which often differed greatly from those in Europe. These towns took on a shape which reflected the purpose of creating a common market, a controlling base (not merely a military outpost), a place from which to govern and exploit the territory, according to the talents of the settlers. However, in the initial years the very shape of the towns was based on defensive criteria against possible external enemies. The United States began as a sort of extension of Europe, subject also to a cultural dependency, which remains evident today especially on the East Coast, where contacts with the old homeland were more direct, and where intellectual influences had less possibility of being diluted by contact with the great prairies of the Mid‐ West and the endless deserts of the West. However, as the years passed, reciprocal cultural influences mixed until they merged to create a regenerated awareness and a latent consciousness, so very different from that of their countries of origin. The historian Maldwyn A. Jones clearly described the spiritual essence of the new‐born American man: Long after they became politically independent, Americans remained in a state of cultural (and to a lesser extent, economic) dependence upon Europe, reading European books, aping European fashions, drawing on European technological “know how” and recruiting European labour to till their fields and develop their mines and factories. Yet even the first 9
Page 1: UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA GRADUATE
Page 4 and 5: Building the American Landscape. Te
Page 6 and 7: The Oklahoma Land Rush, April 22, 1
Page 8 and 9: Introduction The purpose of this re
Page 10 and 11: of the issue of the landscape desig
Page 12 and 13: especially, during which the intere
Page 16 and 17: colonial settlements were never an
Page 18 and 19: continued. Under Governor Benjamin
Page 20 and 21: Nature, agriculture and the languag
Page 22 and 23: adopted by Jefferson as an architec
Page 24 and 25: as workshops. Downhill from the Mul
Page 26 and 27: assessments made with measurements
Page 28 and 29: Figure 2- Monticello West Elevation
Page 30 and 31: 780 THOMAS JEFFERSON'S MONTICELLO L
Page 32 and 33: Figure 8- Monticello: 3rd roundabou
Page 34 and 35: Figure 11- Thomas Jefferson‘s Gar
Page 36 and 37: Figure 12- Thomas Jefferson‘s Gar
Page 38 and 39: Agricultural America The English co
Page 40 and 41: which definitely contributed to the
Page 42 and 43: legal and commercial documents comp
Page 44 and 45: overlooking the garden and the road
Page 46 and 47: The structure was the result of the
Page 48 and 49: destroyed during the Civil War, bec
Page 50 and 51: would be turning backward to the Ke
Page 52 and 53: Jefferson, who considered himself a
Page 54 and 55: the world. Americans are the wester
Page 56 and 57: (1736‐1784), the founder of the s
Page 58 and 59: Tidy, mainly horizontal, board fenc
Page 60 and 61: which displayed hundreds of pieces
Page 62 and 63: landscapes and of the towns themsel
Page 64 and 65:
Figure 14- Certifi ed copy (1808) o
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 16- Origins of plantation ho
Page 68 and 69:
Figure 19- Uncle Sam (Constancia) P
Page 71 and 72:
Figures 21/21.1- The plantation lan
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 24- Live Oaks along the entr
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 26- Pricipal facade from the
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 29- Plan Scheme of Poplar Fo
Page 79 and 80:
Figure 33- Jefferson’s 1809 Popla
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 35- Diagram of the south par
Page 83 and 84:
Figure 37- Shaker Village, Berkshir
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 41-Shaker Church Family Roun
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 43- The snake fences in Yate
Page 89 and 90:
However, a grid configuration exten
Page 91 and 92:
The lands freed from the American I
Page 93 and 94:
In the centre of the town there wer
Page 95 and 96:
the garden towns and of the satelli
Page 97 and 98:
and pastoral life. The “middle la
Page 99 and 100:
a tree, and each "leaf" encloses do
Page 101 and 102:
This idea of dedicating a circular
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 45- The grid: Clarck County,
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 47- The grid system (Land Su
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 50- Frank Lloyd Wright, Broa
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 52- The grid and the develop
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 54- Frederick Law Olmsted, R
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 56- Frank Lloyd Wright, Park
Page 115 and 116:
Mumford’s search for the characte
Page 117 and 118:
the “revelation” can also be se
Page 119 and 120:
The old vestiges of the town admire
Page 121 and 122:
At this point we should not be surp
Page 123 and 124:
Economy was described by Charles No
Page 125 and 126:
Among the 41 Fourier‐type communi
Page 127 and 128:
He purchased 90 acres of land, but
Page 129 and 130:
the Shakers. After an 1842 visit to
Page 131 and 132:
Settlements, such as Vineland (1861
Page 133 and 134:
garden, much frequented, especially
Page 135 and 136:
Several architects of the twentieth
Page 137 and 138:
the unusual character of the place:
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 57- Views of Community of Ec
Page 141 and 142:
Figure 59- Right. Anaheim Plan and
Page 143 and 144:
Figure 61- Sketch by Joseph Smith,
Page 145 and 146:
Figure 63- Mormon town-planning. Bi
Page 148 and 149:
The “middle landscape” Close me
Page 150 and 151:
the large whitewashed factory>>. Th
Page 152 and 153:
Despite the fact that the pastoral
Page 154 and 155:
Industrial America One’s‐Self I
Page 156 and 157:
of a nineteenth century company‐t
Page 158 and 159:
A large number of works and investm
Page 160 and 161:
designing and constructing the firs
Page 162 and 163:
Schinkel posed the question which s
Page 164 and 165:
All the works came to the astronomi
Page 166 and 167:
Whereas, the agricultural and comme
Page 168 and 169:
Furthermore, the Erie Canal was a p
Page 170 and 171:
sailed downstream in 30. 180 Fulton
Page 172 and 173:
on foot and on horseback animate th
Page 174 and 175:
non‐existent places, such as rive
Page 176 and 177:
Bridge is a good example of the ind
Page 178 and 179:
job of Pony Express. They confirmed
Page 180 and 181:
countryside” 196 . Moreover, the
Page 182 and 183:
Figure 69- The industrial change of
Page 184 and 185:
Figure 71- Birds’ eye view of New
Page 186 and 187:
Figure 74- The map shows character
Page 188 and 189:
Figure 76- Articifi al landscape of
Page 190 and 191:
Figure 80- The natural landscape an
Page 192 and 193:
Figure 82- Pioneer family in front
Page 194 and 195:
Figure 85- Roads and fences in Wino
Page 196 and 197:
Figure 87- John Augustus Roebling:T
Page 198 and 199:
arrels of pork meat>>, often approv
Page 200 and 201:
1845), he incited the United States
Page 202 and 203:
Manifest Destiny began the period o
Page 204 and 205:
First experiences of landscape gard
Page 206 and 207:
In designs for a pleasure‐ground,
Page 208 and 209:
By irony of fate, the first Preside
Page 210 and 211:
construction, deriving from the bal
Page 212 and 213:
was to be clarified during the firs
Page 214 and 215:
Olmsted was particularly impressed
Page 216 and 217:
The search for an ancient landscape
Page 218 and 219:
country, enabled Hotchkiss to becom
Page 220 and 221:
The prospects and developments of t
Page 222 and 223:
Despite the fact that Loudon knew o
Page 224 and 225:
At the same time, studies attempted
Page 226 and 227:
compared to that of John Claudius L
Page 228 and 229:
convinced many architects to dedica
Page 230 and 231:
estricted to his theoretical works.
Page 232 and 233:
architecture. Davis’ landscapes f
Page 234 and 235:
Figure 89- Mount Airy Plantation (C
Page 236 and 237:
Figure 91- Mount Vernon Plantation,
Page 238:
Figure 93- Plan scheme of the Jeffe
Page 241 and 242:
Figure 97- Thomas Jefferson-View of
Page 243 and 244:
Figure 100- Henry Alexander Scammel
Page 245 and 246:
Figure 102- Almerin Hotchkiss: Bell
Page 247 and 248:
Figure 105- John Claudius Loudon’
Page 249:
Figure 108- Above: Plan of a common
Page 252 and 253:
Figure 113- Andrew Jackson Downing,
Page 254 and 255:
Figure 115- The situation before Do
Page 256 and 257:
Figure 118- Alexander Jackson Davis
Page 258 and 259:
Landscape as a principle of urban p
Page 260 and 261:
and did not come up to the expectat
Page 262 and 263:
Vaux complemented Olmsted, he had a
Page 264 and 265:
landscape designer could intensify
Page 266 and 267:
of his two sons and of Charles Elio
Page 268 and 269:
Figure 122- Right: Frederick Law Ol
Page 270 and 271:
Figure 124- Frederick Law Olmsted,
Page 272 and 273:
Figure 127- Frederick Law Olmsted,
Page 274 and 275:
the true “line” of change. The
Page 276 and 277:
Association, during the World’s C
Page 278 and 279:
to its interpretation, which would
Page 280 and 281:
means of transport allowed to come
Page 282 and 283:
danger. This reasoning gave rise to
Page 284 and 285:
The Wilderness and the frontier, de
Page 286 and 287:
Figure 129- The Food of our Youth (
Page 288 and 289:
Figure 132- “All the West going f
Page 290 and 291:
Figure 134- A pile of American Biso
Page 292 and 293:
conscience, to which the mass media
Page 294 and 295:
Chronological Table -Events related
Page 296 and 297:
‐J. Winkelmann: Alte Denkmäler d
Page 298 and 299:
1821 ‐Canal Eire from Albany, NY,
Page 300 and 301:
1846 ‐J. Roebling: Suspension bri
Page 302 and 303:
1872 ‐Yellowstone National Park:
Page 304 and 305:
DOWNING, Andrew Jackson, The Fruits
Page 306 and 307:
MORSE, F.B. Samuel, Lectures on the
Page 308 and 309:
WOODWARD, George Eveston and F.W.,
Page 310 and 311:
O’SULLIVAN, John Louis, “Annexa
Page 312 and 313:
CIUCCI Giorgio, DAL CO Francesco, M
Page 314 and 315:
Ingraham, Karl Kamrath, Elizabeth K
Page 316 and 317:
dei timidi, introduzione di Gianni
Page 318 and 319:
PECK, Amelia (ed.), Alexander Jacks
Page 320 and 321:
TEYSSOT, George (ed.), The American
Page 322 and 323:
1997), Association of Collegiate Sc
Page 324 and 325:
SEGAL, Howard P., (review by) “Le
show all

building the american landscape - Univerza v Novi Gorici

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?