CIUCCI Giorgio, DAL CO Francesco, MANIERI ELIA Mario, TAFURI Manfredo, La città <strong>american</strong>a dalla guerra civile al New Deal, Laterza, Bari, 1973 CLARK, Victor S., History of Manufactures in <strong>the</strong> United States 1607‐1860, 3 vols., New York, published for <strong>the</strong> Carnegie institution of Washington, McGraw‐Hill book company inc., 1916 COOLIDGE, John, Mill and mansion: a study of architecture and society in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1820‐1865, New York, Columbia University Press, 1942 CRAIG, Lois A., The Federal Presence: Architecture, Politics and Symbol in United States Government Building, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1978, 580 pp CRANZ, Galen, The politics of park design: a history of urban parks in America, Cambridge, Mass.; London, MIT press, 1982 CREESE, Walter L., The Crowding of <strong>the</strong> American <strong>landscape</strong>: eight great spaces and <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>building</strong>s, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1985 CRONON, William, Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and <strong>the</strong> Great West, New York, W.W. Norton and Company, 1991 CUNLIFFE, Marcus, The Literature of <strong>the</strong> United States, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1969 (tr. it Storia della letteratura <strong>american</strong>a, Torino, Einaudi, 1970) CZESTOCHOWSKI, Joseph S., The American Landscape Tradition, a study and gallery of paintings, New York, Dutton, 1982 D’ANGELO, Paolo, Filosofia del Paesaggio, Quodlibet, Macerata, 2010 DAVIS, Allen F., For Better or Worse – The American Influence in <strong>the</strong> World, Westport (Conn.) and London, Greenwood Press, 1981 DE LONG, David, (ed) Frank Lloyd Wright: design for an <strong>american</strong> <strong>landscape</strong>, 1922‐ 1932, New York, Harry N. Abrams, 1996 DESROCHE, Henri, Les shakers americains: d’un néo‐christianisme à un présocialisme?, Parigi, Minuit, 1955 (it. tr. Gli Shakers <strong>american</strong>i: da un neocristianesimo a un presocialismo, Milano, Edizioni di Comunità, 1960) DUBBINI, Renzo, Geografie dello sguardo. Visione e paesaggio in età moderna, Einaudi, Torino 1994 FARIELLO, Francesco, Architettura dei giardini, Roma, Edizioni dell’Ateneo: Scipioni, 1985
FISHER, Robert B., The Mount Vernon Gardens, Mount Vernon, Virginia, The Mount Vernon Ladies Association of <strong>the</strong> Union, 1960 FITCH, James Marston, Architecture and es<strong>the</strong>tics of plenty, London, Columbia università press, 1966 FORTE, Fabrizia, Il sogno del giardino. Paesaggi invisibili <strong>american</strong>i/The garden dream. Invisible American <strong>landscape</strong>s, Napoli, Massa ed., 2010 FRANCIS, Richard, Trascendental Utopias, Individual and Community at Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden, New York, Cornell University Press, 1997 FRANK , Edward, Pensiero organico e architettura wrightiana, Bari, Dedalo libri, 1978, GIEDION, Sigfried, Space, TIme and Architecture, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1954 (first ed. 1941)(tr. it. a cua di Enrica e Mario Labò, Spazio, Tempo ed Architettura. Lo Sviluppo di una nuova tradizione, Milano, Hoepli, 2004) GLABB, Charles N., BROWN Theodor A., A Hitstory of Urban America, New York: The MacMillan Co., 1967 (tr.it. Le città nella Storia degli Stati Uniti, Napoli, 1970) GOODRICH, Carter, Government Promotion of American Canals and Railroads 1800‐ 1890, New York, Columbia University Press, 1960 GOTHEIN, Marie Luise, A history of garden art, edited by Walter P. Wright; translated from <strong>the</strong> Germany by Archer‐Hind, London, J.M. Dent & Sons limited, 1928 [first German ed. Geschichte der Gartenkunst, 1914] (Italian translation edited by Massimo De Vico and Mario Bencivenni, Storia dell’arte dei giardini, Firenze, L.S. Olschki, 2006) GRAHAM, Wade, American Eden. From Monticello to Central Park to our backyards: what our gardens tell us about who we are, New York, HarperCollins Publishers, 2011 GRAY, Lewis Cecil, History of Agriculture in <strong>the</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn United States to 1860, Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1933 GUTHEIM, Frederick (ed.), In <strong>the</strong> Cause of Architecture: Essays/ by Frank Lloyd Wright for Architectural Record 1908‐1952; with a symposium on architecture by eight who knew him by Andrew Devane, Victor Hornbein, Elizabeth Wright
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UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA GRADUATE
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Building the American Landscape. Te
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The Oklahoma Land Rush, April 22, 1
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Introduction The purpose of this re
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of the issue of the landscape desig
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especially, during which the intere
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We have tried to do so by suggestin
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colonial settlements were never an
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continued. Under Governor Benjamin
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Nature, agriculture and the languag
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adopted by Jefferson as an architec
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as workshops. Downhill from the Mul
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assessments made with measurements
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Figure 2- Monticello West Elevation
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780 THOMAS JEFFERSON'S MONTICELLO L
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Figure 8- Monticello: 3rd roundabou
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Figure 11- Thomas Jefferson‘s Gar
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Figure 12- Thomas Jefferson‘s Gar
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Agricultural America The English co
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which definitely contributed to the
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legal and commercial documents comp
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overlooking the garden and the road
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The structure was the result of the
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destroyed during the Civil War, bec
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would be turning backward to the Ke
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Jefferson, who considered himself a
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the world. Americans are the wester
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(1736‐1784), the founder of the s
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Tidy, mainly horizontal, board fenc
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which displayed hundreds of pieces
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landscapes and of the towns themsel
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Figure 14- Certifi ed copy (1808) o
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Figure 16- Origins of plantation ho
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Figure 19- Uncle Sam (Constancia) P
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Figures 21/21.1- The plantation lan
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Figure 24- Live Oaks along the entr
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Figure 26- Pricipal facade from the
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Figure 29- Plan Scheme of Poplar Fo
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Figure 33- Jefferson’s 1809 Popla
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Figure 35- Diagram of the south par
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Figure 37- Shaker Village, Berkshir
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Figure 41-Shaker Church Family Roun
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Figure 43- The snake fences in Yate
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However, a grid configuration exten
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The lands freed from the American I
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In the centre of the town there wer
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the garden towns and of the satelli
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and pastoral life. The “middle la
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a tree, and each "leaf" encloses do
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This idea of dedicating a circular
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Figure 45- The grid: Clarck County,
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Figure 47- The grid system (Land Su
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Figure 50- Frank Lloyd Wright, Broa
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Figure 52- The grid and the develop
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Figure 54- Frederick Law Olmsted, R
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Figure 56- Frank Lloyd Wright, Park
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Mumford’s search for the characte
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the “revelation” can also be se
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The old vestiges of the town admire
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At this point we should not be surp
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Economy was described by Charles No
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Among the 41 Fourier‐type communi
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He purchased 90 acres of land, but
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the Shakers. After an 1842 visit to
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Settlements, such as Vineland (1861
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garden, much frequented, especially
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Several architects of the twentieth
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the unusual character of the place:
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Figure 57- Views of Community of Ec
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Figure 59- Right. Anaheim Plan and
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Figure 61- Sketch by Joseph Smith,
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Figure 63- Mormon town-planning. Bi
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The “middle landscape” Close me
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the large whitewashed factory>>. Th
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Despite the fact that the pastoral
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Industrial America One’s‐Self I
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of a nineteenth century company‐t
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A large number of works and investm
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designing and constructing the firs
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Schinkel posed the question which s
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All the works came to the astronomi
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Whereas, the agricultural and comme
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Furthermore, the Erie Canal was a p
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sailed downstream in 30. 180 Fulton
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on foot and on horseback animate th
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non‐existent places, such as rive
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Bridge is a good example of the ind
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job of Pony Express. They confirmed
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countryside” 196 . Moreover, the
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Figure 69- The industrial change of
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Figure 71- Birds’ eye view of New
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Figure 74- The map shows character
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Figure 76- Articifi al landscape of
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Figure 80- The natural landscape an
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Figure 82- Pioneer family in front
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Figure 85- Roads and fences in Wino
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Figure 87- John Augustus Roebling:T
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arrels of pork meat>>, often approv
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1845), he incited the United States
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Manifest Destiny began the period o
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First experiences of landscape gard
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In designs for a pleasure‐ground,
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By irony of fate, the first Preside
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construction, deriving from the bal
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was to be clarified during the firs
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Olmsted was particularly impressed
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The search for an ancient landscape
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country, enabled Hotchkiss to becom
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The prospects and developments of t
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Despite the fact that Loudon knew o
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At the same time, studies attempted
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compared to that of John Claudius L
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convinced many architects to dedica
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estricted to his theoretical works.
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architecture. Davis’ landscapes f
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Figure 89- Mount Airy Plantation (C
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Figure 91- Mount Vernon Plantation,
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Figure 93- Plan scheme of the Jeffe
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Figure 97- Thomas Jefferson-View of
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Figure 100- Henry Alexander Scammel
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Figure 102- Almerin Hotchkiss: Bell
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Figure 105- John Claudius Loudon’
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Figure 108- Above: Plan of a common
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Figure 113- Andrew Jackson Downing,
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Figure 115- The situation before Do
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Figure 118- Alexander Jackson Davis
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Landscape as a principle of urban p
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and did not come up to the expectat
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- Page 266 and 267: of his two sons and of Charles Elio
- Page 268 and 269: Figure 122- Right: Frederick Law Ol
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- Page 294 and 295: Chronological Table -Events related
- Page 296 and 297: ‐J. Winkelmann: Alte Denkmäler d
- Page 298 and 299: 1821 ‐Canal Eire from Albany, NY,
- Page 300 and 301: 1846 ‐J. Roebling: Suspension bri
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- Page 304 and 305: DOWNING, Andrew Jackson, The Fruits
- Page 306 and 307: MORSE, F.B. Samuel, Lectures on the
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- Page 310 and 311: O’SULLIVAN, John Louis, “Annexa
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- Page 316 and 317: dei timidi, introduzione di Gianni
- Page 318 and 319: PECK, Amelia (ed.), Alexander Jacks
- Page 320 and 321: TEYSSOT, George (ed.), The American
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