Literature review: Impact of Chilean needle grass ... - Weeds Australia

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Tylenchorhynchus annulatus Dolichodoridae Vic Tylenchorhynchus clarus Dolichodoridae SA Xiphinema americanum Neotylenchidae SA Xiphinema monohysterum Neotylenchidae Vic *Digitaria sanguinalis Scutellonema clariceps Hoplolaimidae NSW *Eragrostis cilianensis Paratrichodorus lobatus ? SA *Holcus lanatus Anguina sp. Anguinidae SA, Vic Pratylenchus penetrans Pratylenchidae Vic *Hordeum leporinum Heterodera avenae Heteroderidae NSW, Vic Pratylenchus neglectus Pratylenchidae Vic *Hordeum marinum Pratylenchus neglectus Pratylenchidae SA Lachnagrostis filiformis Anguina sp. Anguinidae NSW *Lolium perenne Heteodera avenae Heteroderidae NSW, Vic Pratylenchus crenatus Pratylenchidae NSW Pratylenchus penetrans Pratylenchidae Vic Subanguina radicola Anguinidae Tas Xiphinema italiae Neotylenchidae NSW Xiphinema radicicola Neotylenchidae NSW *Lolium rigidum Anguina funesta Anguinidae SA Heterodera avenae Heteroderidae SA, Vic Merlinus brevidens Dolichodoridae SA Pratylenchus neglectus Pratylenchidae SA Tylenchorhynchus clarus Dolichodoridae SA *Lolium sp. Longidorus elongatus ? SA Pratylenchus neglectus Pratylenchidae SA Pratylenchus thornei Pratylenchidae SA Microlaena stipoides Anguina microlaenae Anguinidae NSW, Vic *Paspalum dilatatum Heterodera graminis Heteroderidae NSW *Pennisetum clandestinum Helicotylenchus dihytera Tylenchidae NSW Paratrichodorus lobatus ? NSW, SA Pratylenchoides leiocauda Pratylenchidae NSW Radopholus similis Pratylenchidae NSW Xiphinema americanum Neotylenchidae NSW Xiphinema ensicliferum Neotylenchidae NSW Xiphinema insigne Neotylenchidae NSW *Poa annua Belonolaimus lolii Dolichodoridae NSW Subanguina radicicola Anguinidae Tas Poa labillardieri Scutellonema sp. Hoplolaimidae Vic Poa sieberiana Hemicriconemoides minor Criconematidae Tas Hemicylciophora truncata Hemicycliophoridae Tas Poa sp. Criconema pasticum Criconematidae Tas Pratylenchus coffeae Pratylenchidae NSW *Polypogon monspeliensis Anguina sp. Anguinidae NSW, SA “Stipa” sp. Anguina sp. Anguinidae NSW Neodolichodorus adelaidensis Dolichodoridae SA Xiphinema monhystereum Neotylenchidae SA 178
REFERENCES Aceñolaza, F.G. (2004) Paleobiogeografía de la Región Mesopotámica, In F.G. Aceñolaza (Ed.), Temas de la Biodiversidad del Litoral Fluvial Argentino, Instituto Superior De Correlación Geologica ( INSUGEO ) Miscelánea 12, 31 - 38 ACT (Australian Capital Territory) Government (1997) Natural Temperate Grassland: an Endangered Ecological Community. Action Plan 1. Environment ACT, Canberra. ACT (Australian Capital Territory) Government (2005) A Vision Splendid of the Grassy Plains Extended. ACT Lowland Native Grassland Conservation Strategy. Action Plan 28, Environmnet ACT, Arts Heritage and Environment, Canberra. ACT (Australian Capital Territory) Weeds Working Group (2002) ACT Chilean Needle Grass Management Plan. Final Draft. ACT Government, Canberra, 11 pp. Adair, R.J. (1995) The threat of environmental weeds to biodiversity in Australia: a search for solutions. In R.A. Bradstock, T.D. Auld, D.A. Keith, R.T. Kingsford, D. Lunney and D.P. Sivertsen (Eds.), Conserving Biodiversity: Threats and Solutions. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Sydney, pp. 184-201. Adair, R.J. and Groves, R.H. (1998) Impact of Environmental Weeds on Biodiversity: A Review and Development of a Methodology. Biodiversity Group. Environment Australia, Canberra, iv + 51 pp. Aguiar, M.R. (2005) Biodiversity in grasslands. Current changes and future scenarios. In S.G. Reynolds and J. Frame (Eds.), Grasslands: Developments Opportunities Perspectives, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation and Science Publishers Inc., pp. 261-280. Ahmad, I. (1965) The Leptocorisinae (Heteroptera: Alydidae) of the world. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology Supplement 5, 1-156. Aldous, D.E., Isaacs, S. and Mebalds, M.I. (1998) Endophytes in the genus Neotyphodium are not found in Australian native grasses. Australasian Plant Pathology 28, 183-186. Allsopp, P.G. (2003) Synopsis of Antitrogus Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthini). Australian Journal of Entomology 42, 159- 178. Allsopp, P.G. and Hitchcock, B.E. (1987) Soil Insects Pests in Australia: Control Alternatives to Persistent Organochlorine Insecticides. Australian Agricultural Council, Plant Health Committee, Canberra. Amiotti, N.M., Bravo, O., Zalba, P. and Peinemann, N. (2007) Effect of landscape position on the acidification of loess-derived soils under Pinus radiata. Austral Ecology 32(5), 534-540. Amme, D. (2003) Nassella notes. Grasslands(California Native Grass Association)13(4), 3 pp. Andersen, A.M. (1963) Germination of seed of Texas needlegrass, Stipa leucotricha. Proceedings of the Assocation of Official Seed Analysts of North America 53, 74-79. Anderson, F.E. (2002a) Progress Report on Investigation of Fungal Pathogens of Serrated Tussock (Nassella trichotoma) and Chilean Needle Grass (N. neesiana) July 2002-November 2002. CSIRO Entomology, CERZOS-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina, 8 pp. Anderson, F.E. (2002b) Report on Field Trip to Collect Rust on Serrated Tussock (Nassella trichotoma) and Chilean Needle Grass (N. neesiana) November-December 2002. CERZOS-UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina, 9 pp. Anderson, F.E., Diaz, M.L. and McLaren, D.A. (2006) Current status of research on potential biological control agents for Nassella neesiana and Nassella trichotomoa (Poaceae) in Australia. In C. Preston, J.H. Watts and N.D. Crossman (Eds.), 15th Australian Weeds Conference Papers and Proceedings. Weed Management Society of South Australia Inc., Adelaide, pp. 591-594. Anderson, F.E., Flemmer, A.C., Hansen, P.V., McLaren, D.A. and Barton, J. (2008) An update on progress towards biological control of Nassella neesiana in Australia and New Zealand. In R.D. van Klinken, V.A. Osten, F.D. Panetta and J.C. Scanlan (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th Australian Weeds Conference, Queensland Weeds Society, Brisbane, pp. 202-204. Anderson, F., Pettit, W., Briese, D.T. and McLaren, D.A. (2002) Biological control of serrated tussock and Chilean needlegrass. Plant Protection Quarterly 17(3), 104-110. Anderson, F., Pettit, W., Morin, L., Briese, D. and McLaren, D. (2004) Pathogens for the biological control of weedy stipoid grasses in Australia: completion of investigations in Argentina. In J. M. Cullen, D.T. Briese, D.J. Kriticos, W.M. Lonsdale, L. Morin and J.K. Scott (Eds.), Proceedings of the XI International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, CSIRO, Canberra, pp. 69-74. Anderson, H. (1963) Leather industry. The Australian Encyclopaedia Volume V, Grolier Society of Australia, Sydney, pp. 268-270. Andrioli, R.J. and Distel, R.A. (2008) Litter quality of C3 perennial grasses and soil inorganic nitrogen in a semiarid rangeland of central Argentina. Journal of Arid Environments 72, 1684-1689. Anonymous (1968) Edgar Tatlow. New Zealand Trotting Calendar, 13 March. Sourced from Addington Raceway Timetable, Racing History - People. http://www.addington.co.nz/Timeline.asp?Case=1andID=1968 [Accessed 18 July 2007] Anonymous (1997) Disappearing insects of native grasslands. ACT Parks and Conservation and CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, ACT. [Poster] Anonymous (2005) Victoria declares twelve WONS. Under Control – Pest Plant and Animal Management News No. 32, December, p. 1. Anonymous (2008a) Chilean needle grass alert. SPIFFA Newsletter (Southern Peninsula Indigenous Flora and Fauna Association), 18(5), 1. Anonymous (2008b) Balaustium mites. Blue oat mites. PestFacts South-Eastern (Grains Research and Development Corporation and CESAR University of Melbourne) No. 7, 1 August, pp. 2-3. Archer, W.R. (1984) Thesium australe R.Brown (Santalaceae) – field notes and observations. Victorian Naturalist 101(2), 81-85. Archer, W.R. (1987) Additional field notes and observations of Thesium australe R. Brown (Santalaceae). Victorian Naturalist 104(2), 46-49. ARMCANZ (Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand), ANZECC (Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council) and Forestry Ministers (2001). Weeds of National Significance Chilean Needle Grass (Nassella neesiana) Strategic Plan. National Weeds Strategy Executive Committee, Launceston. Arriaga, M.O. and Jacobs, S.W.L. (2006) An anatomo-ecological experiment in Austrostipa aristiglumis, a lowland stipoid species. Telopea 11(2), 161-170. Arrillaga-Maffei, B.R. (1966) Anomalous stomata of Stipa neesiana (Gramineae). Canadian Journal of Botany 44(6), 845-846 + 1 pl. 179
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Literature review: Impact of Chilea
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Fire 49 Other disturbances 50 Shade
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Conventions and standards Botanical
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neesiana appears to be a habitat ge
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population densities of existing sp
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elated plants have similar defences
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For invasion to occur there must be
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As yet there appears to be no evide
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experimental manipulation of specie
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species tend to be those which tran
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Taxonomy and nomenclature Stipeae N
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Vernacular names ‘Needlegrass’
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to Bouchenak-Khelladi et al. 2009).
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1 m (Walsh 1994), ca. 90 cm (Verloo
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Figure 2. Anatomy of the seed of N.
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are the seeds larger/smaller, longe
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also based on a misunderstanding of
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Table 2. Modified Feekes Scale for
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Argentina, in the provinces of Chac
Page 39 and 40:
Figure 3. Recorded distribution of
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1994). Only 3 of 186 exotic grasses
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According to Morfe et al. (2003) th
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populations have been found in the
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(Honaine et al. 2006). The flechill
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In Australia the altitudinal range
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Proximity to urban development appe
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In the southern Brazilian campos of
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arundinacea (Gardener et al. 2005).
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al. 2008). Cues for masting may be
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Approximately 200 alien grass speci
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Dispersal of seed in contaminated s
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In New Zealand, Hurrell et al. (199
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No emergence was observed in undist
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and high impact (“ability to caus
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also noted that despite a wide rang
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a small reduction in seedhead produ
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Slashing and mowing Slashing can re
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Themeda re-establishment McDougall
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species (Lawton and Schroder 1977 p
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y increased importance of ant grani
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BIODIVERSITY “Biodiversity ... on
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According to Woods (1997 p. 61) “
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2004, Richardson and van Wilgen 200
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negative depending on the particula
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Competition with native plants Comp
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asexual seed production, so local f
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GRASSLANDS Grasses: “... the most
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susceptible to N. neesiana invasion
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Floristic composition, vegetation s
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proportion of the flora then presen
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tussock space (Stuwe and Parsons 19
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Like vascular plant diversity, comm
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Opinions differ on the nature and i
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Species Common Name Family Aust ACT
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in shifting the distribution, exten
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of these systems is largely explain
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pasture. The least understood trans
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tend to benefit more from relaxed c
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Bovids crop their food between the
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are therefore less likely to distur
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esult in a “short-term flush” o
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Fire effects on weeds Moore (1993 p
Page 125 and 126:
Table 8. Typical nutrient levels in
Page 127 and 128: grasses produced sigificantly more
Page 129 and 130: Fossorial vertebrates are or were o
Page 131 and 132: (Rosengren 1999). Approximately one
Page 133 and 134: Table 12. Areal extent and conserva
Page 135 and 136: Foreman (1997) investigated the eff
Page 137 and 138: Willis (1964) considered that the f
Page 139 and 140: Austrostipa-Enneapogon) from around
Page 141 and 142: Woodlands and New England Grassy Wo
Page 143 and 144: Thylogale billardierii), Peramelida
Page 145 and 146: Its original habitat on the mainlan
Page 147 and 148: Table 17. Endangered reptile specie
Page 149 and 150: equirement, but unlike plants and v
Page 151 and 152: e assigned the same biodiversity sc
Page 153 and 154: Nematodes are mostly minute animals
Page 155 and 156: found in all mainland states, O. co
Page 157 and 158: Keyacris scurra, Melbourne (1993) o
Page 159 and 160: was once widespread in south- easte
Page 161 and 162: eing sluggish and wingless, and exi
Page 163 and 164: estoration and, if Australia follow
Page 165 and 166: close to the plant are able to bury
Page 167 and 168: Species *Chirothrips mexicanus Craw
Page 169 and 170: Table A2.1 (continued) Species Life
Page 171 and 172: Table A2.1 (continued) Species *Het
Page 177: Nematodes of grasses and grasslands
Page 181 and 182: Benson, D. and McDougall, L. (2005)
Page 183 and 184: Chan, C.W. (1980) Natural grassland
Page 185 and 186: DNRE (Department of Natural Resourc
Page 187 and 188: Fuhrer, B. (1993) A Field Companion
Page 189 and 190: Groves, R.H. and Whalley, R.D.B. (2
Page 191 and 192: Iaconis, L. (2004) Chilean needle g
Page 193 and 194: Levine, J.M., Adler, P.B. and Yelen
Page 195 and 196: McDougall, K.L. (1987) Sites of Bot
Page 197 and 198: Morfe, T.A., McLaren, D.A. and Weis
Page 199 and 200: Perelman, S.B., León, R.J.C. and O
Page 201 and 202: Saunders, D.A. (1999) Biodiversity
Page 203 and 204: Thellung, A. (1912) La flore advent
Page 205 and 206: Weiss, J. and McLaren, D. (2002) Vi
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