<strong>in</strong>dex Account<strong>in</strong>g: fair value, 149 policy, 33 view. See Po<strong>in</strong>t of view, account<strong>in</strong>g Acquisition(s), 150 Actions, legal, 156, 197 Activist shareholder groups, 10 Activities, off-balance sheet, 149, 160, 239 Adjusted present value (APV), 106, 116 Advances: <strong>in</strong> methodology, 56 <strong>in</strong> technology, 56 Advantage(s): <strong>com</strong>parative, of (capital) markets, 111–112 <strong>com</strong>petitive, 7, 41–43, 47, 61, 85, 112, 115, 134, 136, 242, 268, 272–278, 280–281 <strong>in</strong>formation(al), 28, 99, 145, 149, 277, 279, 282 Adverse selection, 76, 81, 87 Agency conflicts. See Conflicts of <strong>in</strong>terest Agency costs, 6, 75, 79, 81, 85–86, 94–95, 112–113, 139, 276, 280 of debt, 75–76, 79, 82, 91, 94, 123, 125, 288 of equity, 75, 79, 82–83, 86, 89–90, 99, 123, 125, 288 of free cash flow, 82, 126 of managerial discretion, 97, 276 Agency problem(s). See Conflicts of <strong>in</strong>terest Agency theory, 75, 87 Agents, 61, 75, 81, 86–87, 113 Airl<strong>in</strong>es, troubled, 109 Alignment of <strong>in</strong>terests, 22, 75, 85, 93, 125, 150, 156 ALM function. See Asset-liability management function Analogue(s), market, 208 Analyst <strong>com</strong>munity, 10, 115 Anecdotal evidence, 4, 15, 22, 28, 39, 46, 73, 74, 101, 220, 235 Approach: account<strong>in</strong>g-driven, 239 actuarial, 199 analogue, 70, 203, 208 analytical, 182, 186 best practice, 130, 159, 163, 199, 210, 235, 242, 259, 289 bottom-up, 150, 164, 170–171, 185, 199, 212–213, 216, 219– 220, 231, 235, 290 historical account<strong>in</strong>g-based, for bus<strong>in</strong>ess risk, 206, 209 Merton, 219–221, 227, 247, 290 Monte Carlo simulation, for bus<strong>in</strong>ess risk, 207–209 parametric, 189–190 regulatory, one-size-fits-all, 159, 163 311
312 INDEX Approach (cont<strong>in</strong>ued) top-down, 162, 170, 199, 215–216, 219–231, 235, 238, 284, 290 value, 2, 14, 16, 186, 215 with <strong>and</strong> without, 212, 283 APV. See Adjusted present value Arbitrage, 33, 59, 64, 68 Pric<strong>in</strong>g Theory (APT), 71 regulatory, 162 Arrow-Debreu world, 62 Asset(s): gross, 154 illiquid bank or credit, 185, 214– 215, 255, 268, 273 net, 154–155, 160–163, 216, 260 off-balance sheet, 165, 226 on-balance sheet, 149, 165, 186, 226 risk-free, 59, 69, 84, 228, 252, 263, 268, 274–275 risk-weighted, 139, 148, 240 Asset <strong>in</strong>surance, 161, 163, 256, 263, 264, 270, 289 Asset-liability management function. See Treasury function Asset-liability management, 157 Asset size bucket, 138–139 Asset substitution, 76, 79, 91, 93–94, 108, 114, 125 Assumptions, implicit, 237, 241, 247, 255, 290 Asymmetric <strong>in</strong>formation, 28, 75–81, 87, 97, 114, 149 Asymmetry, behavioral, 46 Availability of external funds, limited, 77, 105, 108 Backtest<strong>in</strong>g, 190, 192 Bail out, 110 Balance sheet: account<strong>in</strong>g, 146, 263–264 economic, 157, 263–264 liquid, 163 policy, 207 Balanced stakeholder approach, 21 Bank(s), 1, 29, 56, 113, 122, 166, 220, 240, 273, 281 as opaque <strong>in</strong>stitutions, 4, 16, 45, 122, 145, 270 <strong>com</strong>mercial, 143, 265 ensur<strong>in</strong>g long-term survival of, 3, 30, 33, 287 functions of, 29 illiquid, 144 solvent, 122, 159, 163, 187, 192, 195, 207 universal, 253 Bank analyst(s), 4, 15 Bank charter, withdrawal of, 110, 112 Bank customer(s), 3, 90, 109, 122, 141, 156 Bank default, 22–23, 225, 282 Bank failure(s), risk of, 23, 110, 122, 144–145 Bank for International Settlements (BIS), 138, 194, 239 Bank<strong>in</strong>g (<strong>in</strong>dustry) <strong>in</strong>dex, 16–17, 34, 36 Bank<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>dustry, 1, 22, 34, 37–38, 152, 159, 163, 240, 242, 267, 272 Bank<strong>in</strong>g system: fragility of, 3, 110 safety, stability, <strong>and</strong> soundness of, 22, 142, 144 Bank performance, 4, 18, 48, 147, 239 Bank portfolio: as proxy for market portfolio, 253 exist<strong>in</strong>g, 136, 210, 253, 266, 288 Bank run(s), 3, 23, 135, 144, 146, 152–159, 163, 166, 169, 197, 219, 222, 226, 236, 238, 289 Bankruptcy, 3, 30, 83, 107–109, 142, 191 court, 108, 177 Bank safety, 140–141 Bank stakeholder(s), 22–23, 30, 105, 135, 137, 150, 162, 270, 289 Bar<strong>in</strong>gs, 57, 86 Barrier(s): absorb<strong>in</strong>g, 195 entry, 197 Basle Accord from 1988 (Basle I), 3, 226 market risk amendment, 191 Basle I. See Basle Accord from 1988 Basle II. See New Basle Accord Benchmark return. See Rate of return, required
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Copyright © 2002 by John Wiley & S
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preface From an empirical as well a
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acknowledgments No book is solely t
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x CONTENTS Goals of Risk Management
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xii CONTENTS Definition of RAROC 24
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xiv FIGURES Figure 5.5 Figure 5.6 F
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symbols ↑ ↓ α β i xvi Increas
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xviii SYMBOLS ln Natural logarithm
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abbreviations APT BIS bn bps CAPM C
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CHAPTER 2 Foundations for Determini
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