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328 INDEX<br />

<strong>Risk</strong>, liquidity, 3, 165<br />

<strong>Risk</strong> management:<br />

active, 27–28, 42, 193<br />

activities, 9, 78, 82, 88, 126, 131,<br />

239, 259, 278<br />

as purely f<strong>in</strong>ancial transactions,<br />

63<br />

<strong>and</strong> value creation, 6, 9, 30, 43, 58,<br />

74, 287<br />

approach(es), 3, 39–42, 124, 289<br />

as (dist<strong>in</strong>ct) process, steps, 26<br />

as black box, 56<br />

as empirical fact, 287<br />

as not experienc<strong>in</strong>g negative events,<br />

56<br />

as organizational unit, 25, 28<br />

as strategic weapon, 55<br />

as substitute to equity/capital, 4,<br />

112, 123, 126<br />

as substitute to publication of<br />

<strong>in</strong>ternal <strong>in</strong>formation, 115<br />

at the bank or firm level, 57–58,<br />

66, 71, 73, 78, 115, 121, 124,<br />

129, 137, 287–289. See also<br />

<strong>Risk</strong> management, corporate<br />

at the level of <strong>in</strong>dividual <strong>in</strong>vestors,<br />

9, 58, 60, 64, 66, 69<br />

benefits of, 30, 81–82, 90, 96, 121<br />

by asset allocation, 60, 68–69, 103<br />

by diversification, 42, 60, 62, 65,<br />

103<br />

central role of, <strong>in</strong> banks, 30, 42, 48<br />

concern with, 29, 100, 123<br />

condition for:<br />

necessary but not sufficient, 56,<br />

116, 287<br />

sufficient, 56, 58, 287<br />

corporate, 39, 43–44, 55, 57–58,<br />

61, 65–66, 69–71, 90, 120,<br />

123–124, 129, 134, 244, 287–<br />

288<br />

benefits, 79, 81<br />

dimension, 65<br />

<strong>in</strong>centive for, 84<br />

on behalf of the <strong>in</strong>vestor(s), 60<br />

rationale for, 6, 78, 112<br />

culture, 246<br />

decision(s), 2, 5, 61, 71, 77, 85,<br />

236, 274, 280, 288–289, 291<br />

def<strong>in</strong>ition of, 25<br />

degree of, 142, 166<br />

discrepancy between theory <strong>and</strong><br />

practice, 6, 287, 290<br />

efficiency of, 2<br />

forms of, 137, 150, 289<br />

function(s), 3, 26, 138, 140<br />

goal(s) of, 9, 27, 31–34, 38–39, 74,<br />

120, 166<br />

home-made, 64, 77, 112, 121<br />

<strong>in</strong> banks, 3, 5–6, 9, 23, 28, 30–31,<br />

39, 48, 55, 104, 122–123, 274,<br />

276, 280, 286–287, 291<br />

<strong>in</strong> practice, 3, 6, 34, 44, 55–56, 72,<br />

91, 198, 251, 287<br />

<strong>in</strong>struments, 9, 38, 42–46, 66–67,<br />

150, 273, 276, 278, 289<br />

irrelevance (proposition), 57, 63–<br />

72, 74, 77, 136, 276, 288<br />

mechanics, 131<br />

normative theory for, 6, 48, 57, 73,<br />

129, 269, 274–275, 280–281,<br />

286–287, 289, 291<br />

objective of, 30, 77<br />

positive theory for, 3, 5, 48, 55,<br />

287<br />

proposition(s), 130<br />

rationale for, 30, 58, 72, 78, 81,<br />

84, 100, 105<br />

redundancy of, 61, 72, 104<br />

replication of, 2, 37, 57, 61, 64, 69,<br />

72, 74, 121, 288<br />

revers<strong>in</strong>g, 2, 57, 68, 288<br />

scenario(s), 65–71<br />

set of actions, 39–42<br />

skills, superior, 42, 73<br />

strategy, 31–32, 38–39, 46, 48, 70,<br />

88, 91, 103, 116, 120, 129,<br />

131–132, 136<br />

subjective view of, 73<br />

techniques, state-of-the-art, 47, 130<br />

through changes <strong>in</strong> operations, 65,<br />

68–69, 71, 130<br />

through f<strong>in</strong>ancial <strong>in</strong>struments, 56,<br />

61, 65–66, 69, 140

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