Index 313 Benchmark<strong>in</strong>g, 14, 209 Bernoulli, 60, 172, 177 Best practice, 130, 210, 238 Beta: CAPM, 245, 266 external, 37, 246, 253–254, 266, 268 <strong>in</strong>stantaneous equity, 255 <strong>in</strong>ternal, 185, 213, 242, 246, 253, 266, 268–269, 275, 283–284 market, 36, 168, 230, 253, 269 of transaction, 255 Bid-ask spread, 124 BIS. See Bank for International Settlements Black-Scholes, 131, 221–223, 227, 248, 255 Bond holder(s): credit sensitive, 23, 142 junior, 142, 151, 156, 158–161, 219 senior, 142, 147, 151–152, 156– 159 external, 142 Bond, zero-coupon, 222, 247 Bonus, 85, 89 Book capital. See Capital, book Book value, 110–111, 120, 149, 160– 161, 222–227, 230–231, 260, 264 Break even, 255 Brownian motion, geometric, 221 Bus<strong>in</strong>ess disruption, 162, 197, 216 Bus<strong>in</strong>ess risk. See <strong>Risk</strong>, bus<strong>in</strong>ess capital. See Capital, economic, (for) bus<strong>in</strong>ess Bus<strong>in</strong>ess unit, 1, 15, 26–27, 164, 177, 187, 193, 195, 205–209, 213, 244, 283, 285 CAD. See Capital Adequacy Directive, European Call option. See Option(s), call Capacity, 94, 126, 130, 153 Capital adequacy, 159–161 Capital allocation, 7, 191, 205, 283 Capital: as buffer function of, 134, 141, 145, 150, 159, 169, 211, 253, 262, 268 as cushion. See Capital, buffer function of as substitute for risk management, 112, 123, 126, 140, 236 available, 139, 145, 162 Capital base, 157, 195, 208 Capital benefit, 243–244, 251–252, 283 Capital, book, 4, 139, 146–147, 161, 194, 219 Capital concepts, 146 Capital, economic, 5–7, 137, 156, 158, 160, 164, 169 aggregation across risk types, 210– 213 as adequate risk measure, <strong>in</strong> banks, 164, 166, 236–237 as proxy or shortcut for risk capital, 160, 163, 237 as theoretical construct, 159, 164 as total risk measure, 170, 185, 214, 219, 253, 265–266, 272, 285 for bus<strong>in</strong>ess risk, 205–210 for credit risk, 170–186 for event risk, 199–205 for market risk, 186–196 for operational risk, 196–210 VaR-based, 219, 236 Capital: excess, 150, 162 human, 84, 86, 89 <strong>in</strong>vested, 263–264, 273 real, 6, 192, 252, 269, 280 Capital, regulatory, 4, 142, 144–147, 151, 154, 160, 162–163, 194, 209, 239–240 Capital, requirement, 5, 139, 145– 146, 150, 153, 158, 162, 165– 166, 192, 211–212, 242, 284 economic, 139, 143–145, 161–163, 175, 193, 212–216, 235–236, 253, 267 marg<strong>in</strong>al or <strong>in</strong>cremental, 212, 236 regulatory, 142–145, 164, 194, 209, 239 st<strong>and</strong>alone, 260 Capital, risk, 5, 26, 137, 146, 151, 153–154, 262, 270, 289
314 INDEX Capital: Tier-1, 139, 146–148, 161, 219 Tier-2, 139, 146–148, 156, 161, 226 Capital, unallocated, 212, 283 Capital Adequacy Directive, European (CAD), 3, 147 Capital Asset Pric<strong>in</strong>g Model (CAPM), 2, 15, 25, 34, 59, 62, 67, 71, 129, 134, 219, 230, 238, 240, 245–246, 249, 253–255, 261, 265–266, 268, 290 Capital budget<strong>in</strong>g, 72, 133–136, 239, 242, 267–268, 275 new approaches, 268, 273–274 decision rule, new, 272 decision(s), 2–5, 27, 62–63, 72, 123 pr<strong>in</strong>ciple(s) or procedure(s), 133–134 tool(s), 134–135, 239, 242, 245, 267–269, 282, 284–285, 290– 291 Capital Market L<strong>in</strong>e (CML), 43 Capital market. See Market Capital measurement, 146 Capital multiplier, 182, 185, 204 Capital structure, 4, 12, 27, 72, 95, 115, 133, 135–138, 261, 264, 284, 289 actual, 265, 268, 274, 279–280, 284 choice, 133, 140–141, 280 decision(s), 4, 133–134, 247–248, 262, 269, 274, 279 optimal, 66, 126, 130, 265 Capitalization. See Capital base Cash capital, 154, 160–162, 262–264, 267–271 Cash flows: operat<strong>in</strong>g, 61, 94, 97, 107, 109 risk profile of, 1, 12, 14, 59, 62 stabilization of, 101 time structure of, 1, 12, 14, 59, 62 volatility of, 32, 107. See also Volatility of (free) cash flows Catastrophe, natural, 196 Cha<strong>in</strong> reaction, 144 Chapter 11, 107 Charge-off(s), 57, 245 Circular problem, 256 Claim(s): fixed, 81, 93, 95, 107 junior, 147 residual, 81, 149 senior, 146 Claim holder(s). See Stakeholder(s) residual, 142, 152, 155–156 Clientele, 24, 70–71 CML. See Capital Market L<strong>in</strong>e Cohort, 174 Collateral, 32, 76, 100, 109, 142, 172, 174–175 Company(ies): as risk-neutral agents, 61, 100, 219, 280, ensur<strong>in</strong>g long-term survival of, 13, 33, 55, 132 <strong>in</strong>dustrial See also Corporation(s), <strong>in</strong>dustrial Compensation, 83, 85, 89, 242, 247, 268, 279 <strong>in</strong>centive, 86, 242 managerial, 85 pecuniary, 210 performance-based, 85, 90 Competition, 1, 132, 206, 276 Competitive advantage(s). See Advantages, <strong>com</strong>parative Concentration. See also Lump<strong>in</strong>ess <strong>in</strong> credit portfolios, 140–141, 145, 182 <strong>in</strong>dex, 91 ratio, 91 Concerns, with bottom-up approach, 212 Conditions: economic, 32, 77, 172, 208, 221 for coherent risk measures, 213 Confidence <strong>in</strong>terval. See Confidence level Confidence level, 5, 74, 154, 159– 160, 166, 168–170, 175, 182– 185, 187–192, 194–195, 202, 204, 206, 211, 215–217, 248, 251, 253, 263, 269, 284
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isk management and value creation i
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Copyright © 2002 by John Wiley & S
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preface From an empirical as well a
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acknowledgments No book is solely t
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x CONTENTS Goals of Risk Management
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xii CONTENTS Definition of RAROC 24
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xiv FIGURES Figure 5.5 Figure 5.6 F
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symbols ↑ ↓ α β i xvi Increas
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xviii SYMBOLS ln Natural logarithm
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