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Because of high standards, many Scottish Universities attract undergraduates and postgraduates from both within and outside the United Kingdom. A significant proportion of such students will inevitably be from diverse national and ethnic backgrounds, although evidence suggests that most students who are not Scottish leave Scotland once their education has been completed. Scotland has a relatively small Gypsy/Traveller population with an estimated total population of 1370 people comprising 428 households. 143 However, this figure is contested by some Gypsy/Traveller groups who consider it to be a significant underestimation. This is a group with higher needs than many other minority ethnic communities in Scotland and there are a number of targeted programmes in place designed to impact on the disadvantage they have experienced to date. Demographic Projections Scotland, like Northern Ireland is facing a shrinking workforce though at a significantly steeper gradient. With a number of studies showing that the Scottish population is shrinking and getting older, in April 2005 the Scottish Economic Research Council (ESRC) announced a two-year research initiative into demographic trends looking at migration, fertility, and the impact of an ageing population. 143_Scottish Executive (2005), Gypsies/Travellers in Scotland: The Twice Yearly Count – No.7: January 2005 144_Public Health News (2005), Why is Scotland’s population shrinking and ageing?- a new research initiative. (18 April 2005). 145_Scottish Executive (2004), ‘Consensus’ call over migration. Press Release (25 February 2004). 146_BBC News Report, 25 February 2004. Available at: /news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/ scotland/3484884.stm Unless there is a significant change in Scotland’s demographic profiles over the next few years, the outcome of the predicted trends will be very significant. Scotland’s population is predicted to fall by 10% by 2042. Further, Scotland’s population is ageing rapidly. The number of people of pensionable age is expected to rise by about 61% by 2042 and the number aged under 15 is expected to fall by about 30% by 2042. The overall trend in birth rates in Scotland has been steadily declining and is still at a historically low figure. It now stands at 35 to 40% of the replacement figure of 2.1. It should be noted that outward migration is presently not a major factor in declining population as approximately 70,000 people migrate to Scotland annually and the same number emigrate each year. The ESRC concludes: “ While many European countries are experiencing falling birth rates and an ageing population, the demographic challenges facing Scotland are particularly demanding. An ageing and declining population has important implications for public services the labour market, and the quality of everyday life.” 144 To counter these trends, in February 2004 Scotland’s First Minister, Jack McConnell MSP, declared his intention to create a “national consensus” on the need to bring more migrant workers into the country. 145 In making this announcement he acknowledged that his proposals might provoke a reaction from some people but hoped that attitudinal change would take place. The First Minister went on to say that he wants to entice fresh talent to Scotland to prevent the economy from stalling. 146 Evidence of inequality There is still evidence of widespread inequality in Scotland as table 10 indicates.
improving government service delivery to minority ethnic groups Chapter 3: Scotland Research Findings 82_83 147_Scottish Executive (2004), Analysis of Ethnicity in the 2001 Census: Summary report. 148_In Scotland there is debate within the Gypsy/ Traveller community about terminology and currently Gypsy/Traveller is term most commonly used. 149_Scottish Executive (2004), Analysis of Ethnicity in the 2001 Census: Summary report. 150_Scottish Executive (2004), Analysis of Ethnicity in the 2001 Census: Summary report. 151_Scottish Police Force Annual Return, 2004. 152_Bromley, C. & J. Curtice (2003), Attitudes to Discrimination in Scotland, Scottish Executive. 153_BEMIS (2004), Listen to the Voice. 154_Volunteer Development Scotland and BEMIS, A Way of Life: Black and Minority Ethnic diverse communities as volunteers. Table 10: Evidence of racial inequality in Scotland. Unemployment Twice as high (15%) for the black population compared to the white population (7%). 147 Health Housing Education Racist Incidents Attitudes to race equality 40% of Pakistanis over 60 years describe themselves as having ill-health compared to 22% white Scots. Gypsy/Traveller 148 women live 12 years less than settled women and men 10 years less than settled men. 149 30% of the Pakistani, Bangladeshi and African community experience overcrowded living conditions compared to 7% for white Scots. 150 The exclusion rate for Gypsy/Traveller children is 120 per 1,000 compared to 52 per 1,000 for white children. 92% of Gypsy/Traveller children say they have been racially abused at school. The number of racist incidents recorded by Scottish Police Forces continues to rise annually; in 2003-04 it stood at 3,801 a year, up from 3,593 for the previous year. 151 A survey carried out in Scotland in 2003 showed some disturbing attitudes to racism. 152 - - - - 56% of Scots felt there is ‘a great deal’ or ‘quite a lot’ of prejudice towards minority ethnic communities in Scotland. 18% of people said that attempts to give equal opportunities to people from minority ethnic communities had ‘gone too far’. 52% of people said that most people in Scotland would mind either ‘a lot’ or ‘a little’ if one of their close relatives married someone from a different racial or ethnic background. 20% agreed that people from minority ethnic groups take away jobs from other people in Scotland. Given the concern in Scotland about the declining population (predicted to be below five million by 2034) and given the need to attract new migrants to Scotland, it is imperative that the issue of racist attitudes is addressed. The role of the voluntary sector A number of reports provide evidence that the Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) voluntary sector struggles for recognition and resources; and that the mainstream sector struggles to engage with the BME community. For example, the Black and Ethnic Minority Infrastructure in Scotland (BEMIS) commissioned a report on the infrastructure needs of the BME voluntary sector in Scotland in 2004. 153 They estimated that the BME voluntary sector makes up 1.25 per cent of the voluntary sector but its annual income of £12 million represents only 0.6 per cent of the income of the sector. Also, a recent report on volunteering in the BME community in Scotland 154 identified that there is substantial volunteering in BME communities and that much of it is informal and based on the individuals religious faith. They also identified the need to improve training, funding and resources to the sector.
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IMPROVING GOVERNMENT SERVICE DELIVE
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About this publication This is the
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One of the innovative elements of t
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CHAPTER 4: IRELAND RESEARCH FINDING
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Executive Summary 8_ title EXECUTIV
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Chapter 1: Context 26_27 CHAPTER 1:
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(continued from previous page) The
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An anti-racism intercultural progra
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Conclusions The Irish statutory sec
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Chapter 5: Conference Discussions 1
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and inequality and black and ethnic
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Understanding and tackling racism w
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As discussed above, there is a lack
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- - - - - - - Existing UK migration
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“ …the four As that the previou
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Appendix 1: Research Project Struct
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Appendix 2: List of Organisations I
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Appendix 3: Recommended Data Collec
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Glossary 166_167 Glossary 267_Scott
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Acronyms 170_171 Acronyms280 280_In
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This research has been carried out
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