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Busing, R.T. and Mailly, D. (2004). Advances in spatial, individual-based modelling of forest dynamics. J. Veg. Sci. 15:831-842 Chapman, V. Mangrove vegetation. Valduz, Cramer, 1976. 447 p. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Dahdouh-Guebas, F; Mathenge, C.; Kairo, J. G.; Koedan, N. Utilization of mangrove wood produts around Mid Creek (Kenya) among subsistence and commercial users. Economic Botany, v. 54, p. 513-527, 2000. Duke, N.C. (1992). Mangrove floristics and biogeography. Pp.63-100 in Tropical Mangrove Ecosystems. A.I. Robertson and D.M. Alongi, Eds. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC., USA. Earth Trend, (2003), Country Profiles on-line at http://earthtrends.wri.org Edouard, G. (2001). Biodiversity in drylands: challenges and opportunities for conservation and sustainable use- The Global Drylands Partnership CIDA UNSO UNDP/GEF IIED IUCN WWF NEF Evans, M. (1994), Important Bird Areas of the Middle East, UK, BirdLife International. Fisher, JI, AD Richardson, JF Mustard. (2007). Phenology model from surface meteorology does not capture satellite-based greenup estimations. Global Change Biology. 13:3:707-721. Fulner, G.R. (1996). Geology of the United Arab Emirates. Pages 22-51 in P. J. Vine, editor. Natural Emirates: wildlife and environment of the United Arab Emirates. Trident Press Ltd., London, England Gallacher, D and J. Hill, J.(2008) / Journal of Arid Environments 72 (2008) 853–860 855 Gallacher, D, J.P. Hill (2007) Effects of camel grazing on density and species diversity of seedling emergence in the Dubai (UAE) inland desert. Halpin, PN. (1994). GIS analysis of the potential impacts of <strong>climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> on mountain ecosystems and protected areas. In Price, MF and DI Heywood (eds). Mountain Environments and Geographic Information Systems. Taylor and Francis, London: 281-301. Hellyer, P., Al-Abed, I., Vine, P., (2001). United Arab Emirates: a new perspective. Trident Press, U.S.A. Holechek, J.L., Gomez, H., Molinar, F., Galt, D., (1999a). Grazing studies: what we’ve learned. Rangelands 21,12–16. Hurtt GC, PR Moorcroft, SW Pacala, and SA Levin. (1998). Terrestrial models and global <strong>change</strong>: challenges for the future. Global Change Biology. 4:581-590. IIED, (2008) Climate Change and Drylands International Institute for Environmental Development- Commission on Climate Change and Development IUCN. (2001). The 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom IUCN. (2004). Managing marine protected areas: A toolkit for the Western Indian Ocean. IUCN Eastern African Regional Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, xii + 172pp. IUCN. (2006) Managing Mangroves for Resilience to Climate Change- IUCN Resilience Science/ Working Paper Series - No 2 Jongbloed, M, G.R. Feulner, B. Bِer, A.R. Western (2004) a comprehensive Guide to Wild Flowers of UAE Marra, PP, KA Hobson, RT Holmes. 1998. Linking winter and summer events in a migratory bird by using stable carbon isotopes. Science. 282:1884-1886. McLeod E.and Rodney V. Mangroves for Resilience (2006) Managing Morisette JT, Richardson AD, Knapp AK, Fisher JI, Graham EA, et al. (2008) Tracking the rhythm of the seasons in the face of global <strong>change</strong>: phenological research in the 21st century. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment: In Press Nature, (2004-) Feeling the heat: Climate <strong>change</strong> and biodiversity loss Ning, Z.H., R.E. Turner, T. Doyle and K.K. Abdollahi. (2003). Integrated Assessment of the Climate Change Impacts on the Gulf Coast Region. Gulf Coast Climate Change Assessment Council (GCRCC) and Louisiana State University (LSU) Graphic Services 184 Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerability & Adaptation
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Acknowledgements The authors are de
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Foreword There are many levels at w
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Table of Contents (Part 2) Water Re
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9.2. Types of ecosystem models ....
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APF AML CARA CO 2 CReSIS CSI DEM EG
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Table ‎1‐1. Climate Change and
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2. Sea-level Rise Impacts on Coasta
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differences in observed sea levels
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Sea Level Change (mm) 20 15 10 5 0
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Impacts, Vulnerability & Adaptation
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Gulf is that the shallower depth al
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ago when sea level was a few meters
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Scientists have every reason to bel
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amongst others. Sea level rise may
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Figure ‎4‐2. Data displaying ar
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processed SRTM topographic dataset
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water height of each tidal day obse
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Table ‎4‐3. UAE Coastal Cities.
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Figure ‎4-10: 1 meters above mean
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Figure ‎4-12: 3 meters above mean
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as well as parts of the Industrial
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up to help to assess technology nee
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framework that has relevance to the
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to be estimated reliably and hence
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6. Conclusions and recommendations
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7. List of References ADEA (2006)
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Assessment Report of the Intergover
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8. Glossary Adaptation: Adjustment
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To calculate areas inundated by lan
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Annex 1: Elevation Data Sensitivity
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Annex 2: Inundation maps 3. Urban V
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Figure A2-3 3 meters sea level rise
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Figure A2-6 1,3,9 meters sea level
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Page Figure 4‐6. WEAP estimates o
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in storage occurs in the Liwa lens
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Figure‎ 2‐1. Percentage of tota
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Total installed capacity equals 648
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Without demand management strategie
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Figure 3-1 Global average temperatu
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The CO 2 storylines include both
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of topography on the region’s pre
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Temperature Change (degrees C) Temp
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neglected infrastructure, regional
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and magnitude of the ENSO (Haines e
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Table ‎4‐1. Irrigated Hectares
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including estimates of population a
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4.4. Representing Irrigation Demand
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Table 4-5. Comparison of Historical
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4.6. Scenarios and Key Assumptions
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Avg. Monthly Air Temperature - MOR
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Table ‎4‐8. Summary of scenario
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5. Results and Discussion The <stro
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total water demand estimate at abou
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for the Optimistic and Pessimistic
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eport of the IPCC holds out hope th
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Table 6-1. Adaptation options for w
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CIA, (1990), Middle East Area Oil a
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Figure A1‐2. Map of Abu Dhabi key
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Data Sources And Assumptions We rel
Page 133 and 134: Table A1-3. continued Liwa- Hammim
Page 135 and 136: Table A2-1. Summary of 36 emission
Page 137 and 138: Impacts, Vulnerability & Adaptation
Page 139 and 140: 139
Page 143 and 144: List of Tables Page Table 3-1: Majo
Page 145 and 146: 2. Potential risks to dryland ecosy
Page 147 and 148: 4. Major terrestrial ecosystems in
Page 149 and 150: Peninsula in the north to close to
Page 151 and 152: 5. Important flora in Abu Dhabi Abu
Page 153 and 154: over a one third of the known speci
Page 155 and 156: 6. Fauna of the terrestrial ecosyst
Page 157 and 158: include the urban development and i
Page 159 and 160: (Arnell, 1999; Milly et al., 2005).
Page 161 and 162: camels and other large herbivores i
Page 163 and 164: 8. Biodiversity, ecosystem threshol
Page 169 and 170: Alternatively, established shrublan
Page 171 and 172: e functionally deficient. We projec
Page 173 and 174: Adaptation can be planned or it can
Page 177 and 178: is based on a theoretical understan
Page 179 and 180: species to adapt to a changing <str
Page 181 and 182: that remediation steps begin soon t
Page 183: 10 References Adler, PB, DA Raff, W
Page 187 and 188: Annex 2: Expected effects of global
Page 189 and 190: Annex 4: Main drivers of ecosystem
Page 191 and 192: Sn Species Scientific name Family S
Page 193 and 194: Sn Species Scientific name Family S
Page 195 and 196: Name of species/sub-species Habitat
Page 197: Annex 8: Native species list of ter
Page 200 and 201: The cover picture represents a Brid
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