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public value’ (4). The authors demonstrate this in a chart that plots benefits along
a continuum from private to public value and from intrinsic to instrumental on
the other (Figure 2).
While previous frameworks had not necessarily denied the possibility, there
was a tendency to associate the immediate, personal experience of arts with
private benefits and the larger social and economic significance of the arts with
more diffuse public benefits. The RAND framework shows that the arts produce
benefits in all four quadrants of the diagram.
Figure 2 RAND’s Framework for Understanding the Benefits of the Arts
(McCarthy et al 2004, 4). © RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA. Reprinted with permission.
While benefits accrue in all sectors of chart, McCarthy and his colleagues assign
special significance to the intrinsic benefits at the bottom of the diagram due to
‘the central role intrinsic benefits play in generating all benefits’ (69). In their
view, the individual’s experience of art is the source of both private and public
benefits (4). That is, even the benefits that seem to have little to do with the
appreciation of art, such as economic spillover effects accruing to businesses
Framing the Conversation 45
UNDERSTANDING the value and impacts of cultural experiences