Quantitative structural analyses and numerical modelling of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

160O. Lexa et al. / Journal of Structural Geology 26 (2004) 155–161Fig. 6. Field photos of late folding and crenulation cleavage affecting early Alpine fabric in the Vepor micaschists of the West Carpathians. True fold sections(a) micaschists in the Mútnik area; (b) micaschists in the Katarínska huta area. Apparent fold sections showing shear-bands geometry (c), (d) Katarínska huta.Axial plane: 326/75; fold axis: 52/14; and general outcrop surface: 318/65.(e.g. Siman et al., 1996) to interpret the extensionaltectonics in Vepor basement to be symmetrical.4. Discussion and conclusionsShear-bands and folds can generate identical geometrieswhen seen on a flat exposure surfaces in some orientations.These geometries can lead to misinterpretation of folds asshear bands and to erroneous structural and kinematicinterpretation.The ambiguity arises since oblique sections throughsmall-scale folds in anisotropic materials have identicalgeometries to XZ finite strain sections through shear-bandbearing rocks. Misinterpretations are most likely in areas ofmultiple deformations when earlier fabrics are folded.Determination of the XZ section in phyllonites and phyllitesis often complicated by the presence of microscopiccorrugations on foliation surfaces, which may be easilyconfused with stretching lineation. These corrugations arecommonly associated with gentle folds of a larger scale.Particularly in this case, geologists would tend to look forkinematic criteria in sections in which the larger folds wouldgenerate profiles similar to shear band geometry.In order to be confident that the geometry displayed on a2D exposure surface is related to true shear-bands and cantherefore be used as a valid kinematic indicator, it isessential to know the 3D geometry of the structure and theorientation of the exposure surface with respect to fold axesand lineations. For this reason, systematic studies of fractureand joint systems in folded areas should accompanykinematic analyses.106
O. Lexa et al. / Journal of Structural Geology 26 (2004) 155–161 161AcknowledgementsWe are grateful to the Geological Survey of the SlovakRepublic for significant financial support during the initialstages of our research. This work has been also supported bythe Grant of Charles University Agency No. 216/1999/B-GEO. The salaries of K. Schulmann and O. Lexa werecovered from the grant of the Ministry of Education No.24313005.ReferencesBehrmann, J.H., 1987. A precautionary note on shear bands as kinematicindicators. In: Cobbold, P.R., Gapais, D., Means, W.D., Treagus, S.H.(Eds.), Shear Criteria in Rocks. Journal of Structural Geology 9(5–6).Pergamon, Oxford–New York, International, pp. 659–666.Berthé, D., Choukroune, P., Jegouzo, P., 1979. Orthogneiss, mylonite andnon coaxial deformation of granites; the example of South Armoricanshear zone. Journal of Structural Geology 1 (1), 31–42.Cobbold, P.R., Cosgrove, J.W., Summers, J.M., 1971. Development ofinternal structures in deformed anisotropic rocks. Tectonophysics 12,23–53.Cosgrove, J.W., 1976. The formation of crenulation cleavage. Journal of theGeological Society of London 132 (Part 2), 155–178.Dewey, J.F., 1965. Nature and origin of kink-bands. Tectonophysics 1 (6),459–494.Hók, J., Lacika, J., Madarás, J., Kohút, M., Nagy, A., Ivanička, J., Siman,P., Král’, J., Töröková, I., 2001. Neotektonický a geomorfologickývývoj študijných lokalít – 1. čast’. Projekt: Vývoj hlbinného úložiskavyhoreného jadrového paliva a vysokoaktívnych Ra – odpadov vpodmienkach Slovenskej republiky pre obdobie 1998–2000. Úloha:Výber lokality. Číslo etapy: VYL-01-00. Štátny geologický ústavDionýza Štúra, Bratislava. Manuskript–archív ŠGÚDŠ, Bratislava,pp. 1–171.Janák, M., Plašienka, D., Frey, M., Cosca, M., Schmidt, S.T., Lupták, B.,Méres, S., 2001. Cretaceous evolution of a metamorphic core complex,the Veporic unit, Western Carpathians (Slovakia): P–T conditions andin situ Ar-40/Ar-39 UV laser probe dating of metapelites. Journal ofMetamorphic Geology 19 (2), 197–216.Lexa, O., Schulmann, K., Ježek, J., 2003. Cretaceous collision andindentation in SW part of West Carpathians:view based on structuralanalysis and numerical modeling. Tectonics, accepted.Lister, G.S., Snoke, A.W., 1984. S–C mylonites. Journal of StructuralGeology 6 (6), 617–638.Lupták, B., Janák, M., Plašienka, D., Schimdt, S.T., Frey, M., 2000.Chloritoid-kyanite schists from the Veporic unit, Western Carpathians,Slovakia: implications for Alpine (Cretaceous) metamorphism. SchweizerischeMineralogische Und Petrographische Mitteilungen 80 (2),213–223.Passchier, C.W., Trouw, R.A.J., 1996. Microtectonics, Springer-Verlag,Berlin, Heidelberg.Plašienka, D.a., Janák, M., Lupták, B., Milovskú, R., Frey, M., 1999.Kinematics and metamorphism of a Cretaceous core complex: theVeporiuc Unit of the Western Carpathians. Physics and Chemistry ofthe Earth (A) 24 (8), 651–658.Platt, J.P., 1979. Extensional crenulation cleavage. In: Cobbold, P.R.,Ferguson, C.C. (Eds.), Description and Origin of Spatial Periodicity inTectonic Structures; Report on a Tectonic Studies Group Conference.Journal of Structural Geology 1. Pergamon, Oxford–New York,International, pp. 95–96.Platt, J.P., 1984. Secondary cleavages in ductile shear zones. Journal ofStructural Geology 6 (4), 439–442.Platt, J.P., Vissers, R.L.M., 1980. Extensional structures in anisotropicrocks. Journal of Structural Geology 2 (4), 397–410.Ponce, d.L.M.I., Choukroune, P., 1980. Shear zones in the Iberian Arc. In:Carreras, J., Cobbold, P.R., Ramsay, J.G., White, S.H. (Eds.), ShearZones in Rocks. Journal of Structural Geology 2(1/2). Pergamon,Oxford–New York, International, pp. 63–68.Price, N.J., Cosgrove, J.W., 1994. Analysis of Geological Structures,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Siman, P., Johan, V., Ledru, P., Bezák, V., Madarás, J., 1996. Deformationand P–T conditions estimated in “layered migmatites” from southernpart of Veporicum crystalline basement (Western Carpathians,Slovakia). Slovak Geological Magazine 3–4/96, 209–213.Simpson, C., Schmid, S.M., 1983. An evaluation of criteria to deduce thesense of movement in sheared rocks. Geological Society of AmericaBulletin 94 (11), 1281–1288.White, S., 1979. Large strain deformation; report on a Tectonic StudiesGroup discussion meeting held at Imperial College, London on 14November 1979. Journal of Structural Geology 1 (4), 333–339.107
Page 3:
“It strikes me that all our knowl
Page 8 and 9:
Contentsviii4.7 Schulmann, Konopás
Page 11:
Dedicated to my wife Markéta, daug
Page 14 and 15:
Foreword 2First topic “Quantitati
Page 16 and 17:
Foreword 4source and freely availab
Page 18 and 19:
1. Quantitative analysis of deforma
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 31 and 32:
Chapter 2Mechanisms of lower crusta
Page 33 and 34:
2. Mechanisms of lower crustal flow
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Chapter 3Quantitative analyses ofme
Page 43 and 44:
3. Quantitative analyses of metamor
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51:
Page 54 and 55:
Bibliography 42Culshaw, N., Beaumon
Page 56 and 57:
Bibliography 44sources and trigger
Page 58 and 59:
Bibliography 46Skrzypek, E., Štíp
Page 61 and 62:
Journal of Structural Geology 23 20
Page 63 and 64:
J. KonopaÂsek et al. / Journal of
Page 65 and 66:
J. KonopaÂsek et al. / Journal of
Page 67 and 68: J. KonopaÂsek et al. / Journal of
Page 81 and 82: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VO
Page 83 and 84: SCHULMANN ET AL.: STRAIN DISTRIBUTI
Page 95: SCHULMANN ET AL.: STRAIN DISTRIBUTI
Page 98 and 99: 5 - 2 LEXA ET AL.: COLLISION IN WES
Page 106 and 107: 5 - 10 LEXA ET AL.: COLLISION IN WE
Page 114 and 115: 156O. Lexa et al. / Journal of Stru
Page 116 and 117: 158O. Lexa et al. / Journal of Stru
Page 121 and 122: DTD 5ARTICLE IN PRESSJournal of Str
Page 123 and 124: DTD 5ARTICLE IN PRESSL. Baratoux et
Page 135 and 136: Table 1Statistical values of the qu
Page 141 and 142: Table 2Summary of parameters derive
Page 145 and 146: J. metamorphic Geol., 2008, 26, 273
Page 147 and 148: EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 275m
Page 149 and 150: Probabi l irequencyProbabi l ireque
Page 151 and 152: EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 279y
Page 153 and 154: EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 281N
Page 155 and 156: EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 283w
Page 157 and 158: EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 285a
Page 159 and 160: EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 287w
Page 161 and 162: EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 289T
Page 163 and 164: EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 291O
Page 165 and 166: EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 293r
Page 167 and 168: EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 295B
Page 169:
EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 297R
Page 172 and 173:
Author's personal copyK. Schulmann
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 193 and 194:
J. metamorphic Geol., 2011, 29, 79-
Page 195 and 196:
HEAT SOURCES AND EXHUMATION MECHANI
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
EXTRUSIONOFLOWERCRUSTINVARISCANOROG
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
J. metamorphic Geol., 2005, 23, 649
Page 245 and 246:
CONTRASTING TEXTURAL RECORD OF TWO
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Contrasting microstructures and def
Page 263 and 264:
TEXTURES OF NATURALLY DEFORMED META
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
1.0--0.9__Mg~(Mg2++Fe2+)9 Core of p
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
' ~'-----2~--~----TEXTURES OF NATUR
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289:
Page 292 and 293:
B10210ZÁVADA ET AL.: EXTREME DUCTI
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 307 and 308:
ClickHereforFullArticleJOURNAL OF G
Page 309 and 310:
B10406SCHULMANN ET AL.: RHEOLOGY OF
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 31Ó 20
Page 331 and 332:
ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 33durin
Page 333 and 334:
ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 35(a)Ty
Page 335 and 336:
ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 37(a)Pl
Page 337 and 338:
ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 39Grain
Page 339 and 340:
ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 41(a)(b
Page 341 and 342:
ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 43(a)(b
Page 343 and 344:
ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 45Fig.
Page 345 and 346:
ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 47produ
Page 347 and 348:
ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 49stron
Page 349 and 350:
ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 51Cmı
Page 351:
ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 53easte
Page 354 and 355:
104 J. FRANĚK ET AL.in terms of th
Page 356 and 357:
106 J. FRANĚK ET AL.Fig. 2. Struct
Page 358 and 359:
108 J. FRANĚK ET AL.(a)perthite po
Page 360 and 361:
110 J. FRANĚK ET AL.(a)(b)(c) (d)
Page 362 and 363:
112 J. FRANĚK ET AL.Table 1. Repre
Page 364 and 365:
114 J. FRANĚK ET AL.at these P-T c
Page 366 and 367:
116 J. FRANĚK ET AL.(a)(b)Fig. 10.
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
120 J. FRANĚK ET AL.Table 2. Quant
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
124 J. FRANĚK ET AL.Fig. 16. Inter
Page 376 and 377:
126 J. FRANĚK ET AL.development of
Page 378 and 379:
128 J. FRANĚK ET AL.Behrmann, J.H.
Page 380:
130 J. FRANĚK ET AL.Southern Bohem
show all

Quantitative structural analyses and numerical modelling of ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?