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2. Mechanisms of lower crustal flow and its thermal and mechanical implications 26relationship between the channel, overburden rigid lid and underlying basement. We testvarious combinations of rheological, thermal properties and boundary conditions whichallow us to understand principal behaviour within parameter space and to identify firstorder factors, which may cause the development of the channel structure, such as thoseobserved along the eastern margin of the Bohemian Massif (FIg ISTRA). It turns outthat the temperature contrast between the continent and the root is not the majorparameter to initiate indentation process, but the rheology contrast of rocks, whichare partially molten within root zone and strong in the indenter represent the mainparameter controlling channel flow extrusion.The last topic that I consider to be very promising is relationship between infraandsuperstructure of orogens in terms of their contrasting structural, rheological andthermal evolution. It is the model of Culshaw et al. (2006) which first introduced theconcept of mechanical coupling during early stages and decoupling during late stagesof orogen evolution. It is during the transition from coupled to decoupled behaviour ofthe crust when the infra and superstructure are formed and when the infrastructure andsuperstructure transition zone (ISTZ) is established. The coupling/decoupling and ISTZformation are clearly associated with extreme localization of deformation accompaniedby major change in mechanical properties of crustal rocks. Therefore in the light ofmechanical reasons for the ISTZ formation, several important questions related to themodel of Culshaw et al. (2006) emerge. (1) Is the origin of ISTZ exclusively controlledby the thermal structure of an orogen or can it also be influenced by other rheologicalparameters such as composition, fluids, differential stress, lithostatic pressure and strainrate? And if yes, to what extent? (2) What is the exact depth of ISTZ break throughin orogens with typically complex internal orogenic architecture? And can we predictits depth in active orogens?In this area, I would like to put efforts of my future master’s students and doctoralcandidates. I believe that areas like contact of Orlica-Śnieżnik dome with Zábřeh crystalline,contact of Teplá crystalline and Barrandian Proterozoic in Bohemian Massif andthe relationship of Vepor dome with Gemer Paleozoic in the Western Carpathians arebest candidates to solve these problems. Relationship between long-lasting structuralrecord of superstructure and juvenile infrastructure (possibly influenced by channel flowprocess) is first-order problem of continental structural geology and in combination withappropriate geochronological and petrological methods promises to bring new resultsnot only for Bohemian Massif and Carpathians but also for other orogenic systems likeCanadian Cordillera, Grenville tract and others. This research should be linked with adetailed microstructural studies combined with thermomechanical modelling allowing acombination of field and laboratory research which may be attractive for students withrather limited mathematical background.
2. Mechanisms of lower crustal flow and its thermal and mechanical implications 272.2 Accompanying publicationsSchulmann, K., Lexa, O., Štípská, P., Racek, M., Tajčmanová, L., Konopásek, J.,Edel, J.-B., Peschler, A., Lehmann, J., 2008a. Vertical extrusion and horizontalchannel flow of orogenic lower crust: key exhumation mechanisms in large hotorogens? Journal of Metamorphic Geology 26 (2), 273–297. 133Schulmann, K., Konopásek, J., Janoušek, V., Lexa, O., Lardeaux, J.-M., Edel, J.-B., Štípská, P., Ulrich, S., 2009b. An Andean type Palaeozoic convergence in theBohemian Massif. Comptes Rendus Geosciences 341 (2-3), 266–286. 159 Lexa, O., Schulmann, K., Janoušek, V., Štípská, P., Guy, A., Racek, M., Jan. 2011.Heat sources and trigger mechanisms of exhumation of HP granulites in Variscanorogenic root. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 29 (1), 79–102. 181Franěk, J., Schulmann, K., Lexa, O., Tomek, v., Edel, J.-B., 2011a. Model ofsyn-convergent extrusion of orogenic lower crust in the core of the Variscan belt:implications for exhumation of high-pressure rocks in large hot orogens. Journalof Metamorphic Geology 29 (1), 53–78. 2052.3 Related publicationsSchulmann, K., Kröner, A., Hegner, E., Wendt, I., Konopásek, J., Lexa, O., Štípská,P., 2005. Chronological constraints on the pre-orogenic history, burial and exhumationof deep-seated rocks along the eastern margin of the Variscan orogen,Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic. American Journal of Science 305 (5), 407–448.Franěk, J., Schulmann, K., Lexa, O., 2006. Kinematic and rheological model ofexhumation of high pressure granulites in the Variscan orogenic root: Exampleof the Blanský les granulite, Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic. Mineralogy andPetrology 86 (3-4), 253–276.Racek, M., Štípská, P., Pitra, P., Schulmann, K., Lexa, O., 2006. Metamorphicrecord of burial and exhumation of orogenic lower and middle crust: a new tectonothermalmodel for the Drosendorf window (Bohemian Massif, Austria). Mineralogy andPetrology 86 (3-4), 221–251.Jeřábek, P., Faryad, W. S., Schulmann, K., Lexa, O., Tajčmanová, L., 2008. Alpineburial and heterogeneous exhumation of Variscan crust in the West Carpathians:insight from thermodynamic and argon diffusion modelling. Journal of the GeologicalSociety 165, 479–498.
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Table 1Statistical values of the qu
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Table 2Summary of parameters derive
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J. metamorphic Geol., 2008, 26, 273
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EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 275m
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Probabi l irequencyProbabi l ireque
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EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 279y
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EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 281N
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EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 283w
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EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 285a
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EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 287w
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EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 289T
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EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 291O
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EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 293r
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EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 295B
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EXHUMATION IN LARGE HOT OROGEN 297R
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TEXTURES OF NATURALLY DEFORMED META
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ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 31Ó 20
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ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 33durin
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ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 39Grain
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ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 45Fig.
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ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 49stron
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ORIGIN OF FELSIC MIGMATITES 51Cmı
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