Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...

without any measures for detecting M. haemolamae, it is considered highly likely that this
organism is already present in New Zealand. A number of other vector-transmitted
mycoplasmas are present in New Zealand, indicating that suitable vectors may be present.
However, for the purposes of this risk analysis it is regarded as an exotic organism.
27.1.5. Hazard identification conclusion
M. haemolamae is commonly present as a subclinical infection in camelids in the USA and
probably in other countries. It has not been diagnosed in New Zealand. Therefore M.
haemolamae is considered to be a potential hazard in the commodity.
27.2. RISK ASSESSMENT
27.2.1. Entry assessment
M. haemolamae is a common subclinical infection in camelids and is likely to be present in
any country from which camelids are to be imported. Therefore, the likelihood of entry is
assessed as non-negligible.
27.2.2. Exposure assessment
The high prevalence of infected animals in countries where it is known to be present
indicates that the infection is easily transmitted amongst camelids. Since vectors are
apparently present in New Zealand for transmission of a number of species of Mycoplasma
found in the blood of other animal species, it is possible that competent vectors for M.
haemolamae are present. Since imported camelids are likely to be mixed with New
Zealand animals the likelihood of transmission to susceptible animals is assessed as nonnegligible.
27.2.3. Consequence assessment
The establishment of the organism could lead to sporadic outbreaks of wasting and
anaemia in very young animals. However, in most animals, infection can be expected to be
subclinical. Therefore, in most cases it is unlikely that significant losses will be
experienced. The organism does not affect humans. Domestic, feral and wild animals are
not known to be infected by the organism and it is anticipated that introduction of the
organism would not have any effect on any species other than camelids. There are unlikely
to be any trade implications. However, since rare sporadic losses could occur in camelids
the consequences are assessed to be very low but non-negligible.
27.2.4. Risk estimation
Since entry, exposure and consequence assessments are all non-negligible, the risk is
assessed as non-negligible and M. haemolamae is classified as a hazard in the commodity.
Therefore, risk management measures may be justified.
MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Import risk analysis: Llamas and alpacas from specified countries ● 101