Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...

Occasional infestations of humans would require medical treatment. The consequences for
feral and wild animals are likely to be non-negligible since parasites are not host specific,
generally affecting any warm-blooded mammal and birds.
Since there could be severe negative effects on animal production and cases of myiasis in
many animal species, including humans, the consequences are assessed to be nonnegligible.
37.2.4. Risk estimation
Since entry, exposure and consequence assessments are all assessed to be non-negligible,
risk is estimated to be non-negligible and myiasis infestations are classified as hazards in
the commodity. Therefore, risk management measures may be justified.
37.3. RISK MANAGEMENT
37.3.1. Options
The following points were considered when drafting options for the effective management
of myiasis infestation in the commodity:
� The establishment of flies that cause myiasis could affect many livestock species
and result in production losses from loss of condition and in severe cases, death.
� NWS is an OIE listed disease, and the Code makes recommendations for the safe
importation of animals. Therefore, all camelids introduced from countries that are
infested with screwworm could be subjected to measures that are based on those
international recommendations.
� The OIE recommendations would also mitigate the risks from other dipteran larval
infestations. The Code recommendations are:
Article 8.8.1.
Recommendations for importation from countries considered infested with new world or
old world screwworm
for domestic and wild mammals
Veterinary Authorities should require the presentation of an international veterinary certificate
attesting that:
1.immediately prior to loading, the animals to be exported have been inspected, on the premises of
origin, by an Official Veterinarian. After inspection for wounds with egg masses or larvae of new
world or old world screwworm, any infested animal has been rejected for export;
2.immediately prior to entering the quarantine pens in the exporting country:
a. each animal has been thoroughly examined for infested wounds, under the direct
supervision of an Official Veterinarian, and that no infestation has been found in any animal; and
b. any wounds have been treated prophylactically with an officially approved oily larvicide at
the recommended dose; and
c. all animals have been dipped, sprayed, or otherwise treated, immediately after inspection,
with a product officially approved by the importing and exporting countries for the control of new
world or old world screwworm, under the supervision of an Official Veterinarian and in conformity
with the manufacturer's recommendations;
3. at the end of the quarantine and immediately prior to shipment for export:
146 ● Import risk analysis: Llamas and alpacas from specified countries MAF Biosecurity New Zealand