Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...

with negative results using the complement fixation test within 30 days of
shipment.
3. Animals for importation could have remained since birth or the previous 2 years in
a herd in which enzootic abortion has not been diagnosed for 2 years; and the herd
of origin could be tested using the complement fixation test to a level that gives a
high degree of confidence that the herd is free from chlamydial infections.
4. Camelids for export to New Zealand could be required to have been resident since
birth in a country or zone that is free from C. abortus infection.
References
N.B. This measure would restrict importation to animals coming from Australia
and some South American countries.
References marked * were sighted as abstracts in electronic data-bases.
Aitken ID (1983). Enzootic(Chlamydial) abortion. In: Martin WB (ed), Diseases of Sheep, Blackwell Scientific
Publications, Oxford. Pp. 119-23.
Andersen AA (2004). Chlamydiosis. In: Coetzer JAW, Tustin RC (eds), Infectious Diseases of Livestock, Vol.
1, Oxford University Press, Cape Town. Pp. 550-64.
CFSPH (2009). The Center for Food Security and Public Health. Zoonotic Chlamydiae from mammals.
Available at: http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/chlamydiosis.pdf
Dagnall GJ, Wilsmore AJ (1990). A simple staining method for the identification of chlamydial elementary
bodies in the fetal membranes of sheep affected by ovine enzootic abortion. Veterinary Microbiology, 21(3),
233-9.
Domeika M, Ganusauskas A, Bassiri M, Froman G, Mardh PA (1994). Comparison of polymerase chain
reaction, direct immunofluorescence, cell culture and enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Chlamydia
psittaci in bull semen. Veterinary Microbiology, 42(4), 273-80.
Everett KD, Bush RM, Andersen AA (1999). Amended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of
Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised
taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the
identification of organisms. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 49 Pt 2, 415-40.*
Longbottom D (2008). Enzootic abortion of ewes. In: OIE (ed), Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for
Terrestrial Animals, Pp. 1013-20, OIE, Paris.
Mackereth GF, Stanislawek W (2002). First isolation of Chlamydophila pecorum in New Zealand.
Surveillance, 29(3), 17-8.
MAF (2009). Unwanted Organisms Register. http://mafuwsp6.maf.govt.nz/uor/searchframe.htm, downloaded
9/9/2009.
Motha J, Reed C, Gibbons A (1995). The prevalence of Chlamydia in feral pigeons and native psittacines.
Surveillance, 22(4), 20-2.
OIE (2008a). Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Available at:
http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/MCode/en_sommaire.htm, downloaded 30/6/2009.
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