Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...
Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...
Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...
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Disease agent<br />
OIE<br />
Listed<br />
Exotic tick spp. No<br />
Mites:<br />
Sarcoptes scabiei<br />
Psoroptes ovis<br />
No<br />
Chorioptes bovis<br />
Lice:<br />
Microthoracius mazzai<br />
M. minor<br />
M. praelongiceps<br />
Bovicola breviceps<br />
Fleas:<br />
Vermipsylla spp.<br />
HITCH -HICKERS<br />
Zoonotic Disease or<br />
potential<br />
carrier<br />
Yes<br />
Yes (Taylor , Coop<br />
& Wall 2007)<br />
Yes (Taylor , Coop<br />
& Wall 2007)<br />
Yes (Taylor , Coop<br />
& Wall 2007)<br />
Yes (Fowler 1992)<br />
Present in<br />
NZ<br />
Present in<br />
any relevant<br />
country<br />
No Yes Yes<br />
Preliminary<br />
hazard<br />
12 ● <strong>Import</strong> <strong>risk</strong> <strong>analysis</strong>: <strong>Llamas</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>alpacas</strong> from specified countries MAF Biosecurity New Zeal<strong>and</strong><br />
Yes<br />
No<br />
Yes<br />
No<br />
No<br />
No<br />
Yes (Palma et al<br />
2006; Reagan et<br />
al 1990)<br />
Exotic weeds <strong>and</strong> seeds No No No No Yes Yes<br />
+ Outbreaks have occurred outside Africa in Portugal <strong>and</strong> Spain (OIE 2009b).<br />
* Exotic species or serotype/strains occur in humans <strong>and</strong> other animals overseas that are not known to be<br />
present here. Only a serological response detected, but no disease in camelids.<br />
** An official control programme (National Pest Management Strategy) exists for cattle <strong>and</strong> deer.<br />
# EHV-1 is a common endemic infection of horses. However, there is evidence to indicate exotic strains of<br />
greater pathogenicity occur in other countries.<br />
5.1.1.1. Preliminary hazard list<br />
Viruses<br />
African horse sickness virus<br />
Bluetongue virus<br />
Borna disease virus<br />
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus<br />
Bovine herpes virus type 1<br />
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease<br />
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus<br />
Equine herpesvirus type 1<br />
Foot <strong>and</strong> mouth disease virus<br />
Louping ill virus<br />
Rabies virus<br />
Vesicular stomatitis virus<br />
West Nile virus<br />
No<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
No<br />
Yes<br />
No<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
No<br />
Yes