Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...
Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...
Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...
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Disease agent<br />
Foot <strong>and</strong> mouth disease<br />
virus<br />
OIE<br />
Listed<br />
Influenza A viruses No Yes<br />
Zoonotic Disease or<br />
potential<br />
carrier<br />
Yes No Yes [Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2004)<br />
No* (Wernery &<br />
Kaaden<br />
2002e;Fowler 1992)<br />
Present in<br />
NZ<br />
Present in<br />
any relevant<br />
country<br />
No Yes (OIE 2009b) Yes<br />
Yes Yes No<br />
Japanese encephalitis virus Yes Yes No No No (OIE 2009b) No<br />
Parainfluenza virus III No No Yes Yes (MAF 1997) Yes No<br />
Peste des petits ruminants<br />
virus<br />
Lumpy skin disease<br />
virus<br />
Yes No Yes (OIE 2009a) No No (OIE 2009b) No<br />
Yes<br />
No<br />
Louping ill virus No Yes<br />
Rabies virus Yes Yes<br />
Respiratory syncytial<br />
disease virus (bovine)<br />
No<br />
No<br />
Rift Valley fever virus Yes Yes<br />
No<br />
Yes (Cranwell et al<br />
2008)<br />
Yes (Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2002h)<br />
Yes<br />
Yes (The Center for<br />
Food Security <strong>and</strong><br />
Public Health 2006)<br />
Preliminary<br />
hazard<br />
MAF Biosecurity New Zeal<strong>and</strong> <strong>Import</strong> <strong>risk</strong> <strong>analysis</strong>: <strong>Llamas</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>alpacas</strong> from specified countries ● 9<br />
No<br />
No<br />
No (OIE 2009)<br />
Yes (Cranwell et<br />
al 2008)<br />
No<br />
Yes<br />
No Yes (OIE 2009b) Yes<br />
Yes (MAF 1997)<br />
Yes<br />
No<br />
No No (OIE 2009b) No<br />
Rinderpest virus Yes No Yes (OIE 2009a) No No (OIE 2009b) No<br />
Rotavirus <strong>and</strong> Coronavirus No No<br />
Enzootic bovine leukosis<br />
virus<br />
Yes No<br />
Vesicular stomatitis virus Yes Yes<br />
West Nile virus Yes Yes<br />
BACTERIA, RICKETTSIA AND SPIROCHAETES<br />
Bacillus anthracis Yes Yes<br />
Yes (Parreno et al<br />
2001)<br />
Yes (MAF 1997) Yes No<br />
No (Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2002j) Yes Yes No<br />
Yes (Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2002m)<br />
Yes (Kutzler et al<br />
2004)<br />
Yes (Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2002a)<br />
Actinomyces lamae No No Yes (MAF 1997) Yes (MAF 1997)<br />
Brucella spp. Yes Yes<br />
Burkholderia pseudomallei No Yes<br />
Yes (Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2002c)<br />
Yes (Janmaat et al<br />
2004)<br />
No Yes (OIE 2009b) Yes<br />
No Yes (OIE 2009b) Yes<br />
No (Gill J 1992) Yes (OIE 2009b) Yes<br />
No (Mackereth G<br />
2003)<br />
No (Corkill &<br />
Cornere 1987)<br />
Yes (AQIS<br />
2000)<br />
Yes (OIE 2009b)<br />
Yes (Thomas<br />
1981)<br />
Clostridium tetani No No Yes Yes Yes No<br />
Escherichia coli No Yes Yes Yes Yes No<br />
Chlamydia spp. No Yes Yes (Fowler 1992) Some Some Yes<br />
Clostridium botulinum No No Yes Yes Yes No<br />
Clostridium perfringens No No Yes Yes (MAF 1997) Yes No<br />
Clostridium septicum No No Yes Yes (MAF 1997) Yes No<br />
Coxiella burnetii No Yes<br />
Yes (Wernery &<br />
Kaaden 2002k)<br />
No (Worthington<br />
2001)<br />
No<br />
Yes<br />
Yes<br />
Yes Yes<br />
Fusobacterium No Yes Yes Yes (MAF 1997) Yes No
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