Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna ...

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CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction 3 2. Scope 4 3. Commodity Definitions 4 4. Risk Analysis Methodology 4 5. Organisms of Potential Concern <strong>and</strong> the Preliminary Hazard List 7 6. African horse sickness virus 17 7. Bluetongue virus 19 8. Borna virus 21 9. Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 24 10. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 31 11. Epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus 37 12. Eastern equine encephalitis virus 39 13. Equine herpesvirus type 1 41 14. Foot <strong>and</strong> mouth disease virus 46 15. Louping-ill virus 51 16. Rabies virus 53 17. Vesicular stomatitis virus 57 18. West Nile virus 64 19. Anaplasma phagocytophilum 66 20. Bacillus anthracis 69 21. Brucella spp. 73 22. Burkholderia pseudomallei 78 23. Chlamydophila spp. 80 i
Page 1 and 2: Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama
Page 3: MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Pastora
Page 7 and 8: Acronyms CDC United States Centers
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary This risk analysi
Page 11 and 12: 1. Introduction The importation of
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1. The risk analysis process
Page 15 and 16: Following public consultation on th
Page 17 and 18: Disease agent Foot and mouth diseas
Page 19 and 20: Disease agent PROTOZOA Eimeria alpa
Page 21 and 22: Bacteria, rickettsias and spirochae
Page 23 and 24: McKenna PB (2009). An updated check
Page 25 and 26: 6. African horse sickness virus 6.1
Page 27 and 28: 7. Bluetongue virus 7.1. HAZARD IDE
Page 29 and 30: 8. Borna virus 8.1. HAZARD IDENTIFI
Page 31 and 32: 8.2.2. Risk estimation Since entry
Page 33 and 34: It has been suggested that as many
Page 35 and 36: Therefore, since the the consequenc
Page 37 and 38: Givens MD, Heath AM, Brock KV, Brod
Page 39 and 40: 10. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 10.1.
Page 41 and 42: 10.2.2. Exposure assessment Importe
Page 43 and 44: Bartha A, Haidu G, Aldassy P, Paczo
Page 45 and 46: 11. Epizootic haemorrhagic disease
Page 47 and 48: 12. Eastern equine encephalitis vir
Page 49 and 50: 13. Equine herpesvirus type 1 13.1.
Page 51 and 52: 13.2.2. Exposure assessment Assumin
Page 53 and 54: Davison AJ, Erberle R, Hayward GS,
Page 55 and 56:
1993). According to Fowler (1992),
Page 57 and 58:
Veterinary Authorities should requi
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15. Louping-ill virus 15.1. HAZARD
Page 61 and 62:
16. Rabies virus 16.1. HAZARD IDENT
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� Rabies is a serious zoonotic di
Page 65 and 66:
17. Vesicular stomatitis virus 17.1
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incubation period of the disease. T
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quarantined with protection from in
Page 71 and 72:
Pharo HJ (1999). Vesicular stomatit
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18.1.5. Hazard identification concl
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necessarily be competent vectors, a
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20. Bacillus anthracis 20.1. HAZARD
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20.3. RISK MANAGEMENT 20.3.1. Optio
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21. Brucella spp. 21.1. HAZARD IDEN
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21.2.4. Risk estimation Since entry
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Gilsdorf MJ, Thoen CO, Temple RM, G
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References References marked * were
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Serological tests include the compl
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with negative results using the com
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24. Coxiella burnetii 24.1. HAZARD
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� Although quarantine is not suit
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25. Leptospira serovars 25.1. HAZAR
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immune response is a low titre that
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Retention of this empty Chapter, wi
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26. Mycobacterium bovis 26.1. HAZAR
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26.3. RISK MANAGEMENT 26.3.1. Optio
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without any measures for detecting
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Animals become septicaemic a few ho
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29. Salmonella spp. 29.1. HAZARD ID
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animals and sporadic cases of salmo
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Hansen KR, Nielsen LR, Lind P (2006
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Camelidae diseases, or as transmitt
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32. Trypanosoma spp. 32.1. HAZARD I
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T. evansi and T. vivax occur in Sou
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5. Animals to be imported could be
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(Kittelberger et al 2002) and is th
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� The role of an IHS is to specif
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34. Internal parasites 34.1. HAZARD
Page 135 and 136:
34.1.4.2. Trematodes The following
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34.2.4. Risk estimation Since entry
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35. Mites, lice and fleas 35.1. HAZ
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35.2. RISK ASSESSMENT 35.2.1. Entry
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N.B. This measure reflects the curr
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Hard ticks (Ixodidae) have a lifecy
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1. Camelids could be treated with p
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the Eastern Cape and North-West Pro
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The larvae reach maturity about 4-8
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exploration, debriding and flushing
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a. all animals have been re-examine
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38. Weeds and seeds 38.1. HAZARD ID
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edding materials include wood shavi
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